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| substance (or pure substance) |
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| A type of matter with a fixed composition (uniform throughout). It can be an element or a compound. Hydrogen, salt, water, and copper are all expamples. |
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| A substance made up of one type of atom. These substances cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means. Examples are iron, helium, copper and sodium. They are found on the periodic table. |
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| A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined. Examples are water, salt, carbon dioxide, and sugar. These substances can be broken down into their elements by chemical means. |
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| A material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means. Pizza, salt water, and muddy water are examples. |
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| A mixture in which different materials in the mixture can be distinguished easily (a mixture which does not look the same throughout). A cup of lucky charms, mixed berries or dry soup mix are examples. These mixtures are separated by physical means. |
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| A type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions, but not heavy enough to settle out. Fog, paint and coolwhip are examples of this type of mixture. |
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| A mixture which is blended uniformly throughout. All parts of the mixture look the same. Examples are soft drinks in sealed bottles, vinegar and metal alloys. These mixtures are separated by physical means. |
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| Another term for homogeneous mixture. |
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| The method of shining a flashlight through a mixture to determine if the mixture is a colloid or homogeneous mixture. The light beam will be scattered if the mixture is a colloid, but go straight through if it is a solution. |
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| A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle. Suspensions will show the tyndall effect like colloids. But unlike colloids, suspensions settle and can be separated with a filter paper. Muddy pond water is an example. |
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| Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substance. Examples are color, shape, size, density, magnetism, melting and boiling point. |
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| A change in the size, shape, or state of matter. Examples are crushing a sugar cube or boiling and freezing. |
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| A physical separation method which uses the property of different boiling points to separate a mixture. |
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| A characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change. Flammability of a substance or the reactivity of a substance are examples. |
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| A change of one substance into another. Burning, rotting and rusting are examples. |
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| Clues of a chemical change |
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| A combination of changes in temperature and color, formation of a gas (bubbling or fizzing), or a solid, and production of light or sound |
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| Law of Conservation of Mass |
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| Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products after a chemical reaction has taken place. |
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The substances in a chemical reaction that are reacting together. In a chemical equation, they are shown to the left of the arrow:
H2O → H2 + O2 |
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The substances in a chemical reaction that are being produced. In a chemical equation, they are shown to the right of the arrow:
H2O → H2 + O2 |
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| The expansion and contraction of rocks due to freezing and thawing or the movement of substances from one place to another by water or wind. |
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| The formation of new substanes by chemical changes like acid rain's effect on marble or acidic waters forming |
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| Has mass an takes up space |
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