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Mathematical Terms
Essential Mathematics Terminology
110
Mathematics
6th Grade
12/29/2008

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Term
Sum
Definition

The answer to an addition question.

Term

Acute Angle

Definition

An angle that measures between 0 and 90 degrees is called an:

Term

Addition

Definition
The operation that involves finding the sum of 2 or more numbers is:
Term

Vertex

Definition
An angle can also be referred to as the:
Term

Area

Definition
This dimension is found by multiplying 2 dimensions such as length x width:
Term
Cube
Definition
A right rectangular prism with six congruent square faces. It is also called a hexahedron.
Term

Array

Definition

The picture below is used for mutliplication to show 5 x 3 and is referred to as an:

 

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Term

Attribute

Definition

A quantitative or qualitative characteristic of a shape, an object, or an occurrence is called an:

Term
Base 10 Materials
Definition
Materials that are used to represent numbers. Includes cubes, flats, longs and units.
Term

 Broken Line Graph

Definition
The type of graph that is used to measure change over time such as the price of gas is called:
Term
Capacity
Definition

The greatest amount that a container can hold; usually measured in litres or millilitres.

Term
Litre or L
Definition
1 000 millilitres is known as a:
Term
Cartesian coordinate grid or Cartesian plane
Definition

A gird or plane that shows and x axis and a y axis.

Coordinates can be used to plot points such as (5, 8)

Term
Circle
Definition
The points on a plane that are all the same distance from a centre.
Term
Circle graph
Definition
A graph that can be divided into sections to show parts or pieces that represent data.
Term
Composite number
Definition

A number that has factors in addition to itself and 1.

Example: 8

Term
Concrete materials
Definition
 Objects that students handle and use in constructing or demonstrating their understanding of mathematical concepts and skills.
Term
Cone
Definition
A three-dimensional figure with a circular base and a curved surface that tapers proportionally to an apex.
Term
Congruent
Definition
Having the same size and shape.
Term
Coordinates
Definition
An ordered pair used to describe location on a grid or plane. For example, (3, 5)
Term
Cylinder
Definition
A three-dimensional figure with two congruent, parallel, circular faces and one curved surface.
Term
Data
Definition
Facts or information
Term
Degree
Definition
A unit for measuring angles
Term
Square Units or Units Squared
Definition
Area is measured in these types of units:
Term
Denominator
Definition
The number below the line in a fraction that shows the number of parts the whole has been divided into:
Term
Diagonal
Definition

A line segment joining two vertices of a polygon that are not next to each other. A square has one of these types of lines as a line of symmetry.

 

 

Term
Diameter
Definition
 A line segment that joins two points on a circle and passes through the centre.
Term
Equation
Definition

A mathematical statement that has equivalent expressions on either side of an equal sign.

Example: 5 x 8 + 2 = 44 - 2

Term
Equilateral triangle
Definition
A triangle with three equal sides and 3 equal angles.
Term
Equivalent fractions
Definition
1/3, 2/6, 3/9. 4/12 are examples of these types of fractions: 
Term
Equivalent ratios
Definition
5:12,  10:24, 20:48 are all examples of these types of ratios:
Term
Rounding
Definition

A process of replacing a number by an approximate value of that number. 

Example: 34 + 68 changed to 30 + 70 to get an approximate value of 100.

Term
Experimental probability.
Definition
The likelihood of an event occurring, determined
from experimental results rather than from theoretical reasoning.
Term
Factors
Definition

Natural numbers that divide evenly into a given natural number.

 For example:

1,2,4 and 8 are all ______ of 8.

Term
Reflection
Definition
A flip of a shape is also known as a:
Term
Frequency
Definition
The number of times an event or outcome occurs during a probability experiment.
Term
Radius
Definition
A line segment whose endpoints are the centre of a circle and a point on the circle. The ______ is half the diameter.
Term
Geoboard
Definition
A type of board that can be used to make shapes with elastics.
Term
Heptagon
Definition
A polygon with seven sides.
Term
Hexagon
Definition
A polygon with six sides.
Term
Hundreds chart
Definition
A 10 x 10 table or chart with each cell containing a natural number from 1 to 100 arranged in order.
Term
Improper fraction
Definition
 A fraction whose numerator is greater than its denominator. Example: Eight quarters (8/4).
Term
Intersecting lines
Definition
Lines that cross each other and that have exactly one point in common.
Term
Irregular polygon
Definition
A polygon that does not have all sides and all angles equal.
Term
Regular polygon
Definition
A polygon that has all sides and all angles equal.
Term
Isometric dot paper
Definition
Dot paper used for creating perspective drawings of threedimensional figures
Term

 Isosceles triangle

Definition

A triangle that has two sides of equal length.

Term
Line of symmetry
Definition
A line that divides a shape into two congruent parts that can be matched by folding the shape in half.
Term
Linear dimension
Definition
A measurement of one linear attribute; that is, distance, length, width, height, or depth.
Term
Vertical
Definition
The type of line segment that runs up and down to create a line of symmetry. 
Term
Mass
Definition
The amount of matter in an object; usually measured in grams or kilograms:
Term
Mean
Definition
One measure of central tendency.  The ______of a set of numbers is found by dividing the sum of the numbers by the number of numbers in the set.
Term
Median
Definition
The middle value in a set of values arranged in order. For example, 14 is the ________for the set of numbers 7, 9, 14, 21, 39.
Term
Multiple
Definition
The product of a given whole number multiplied by any other whole number except 1. For example, 4, 8, 12,… are __________ of 4.
Term
Multiplication
Definition
An operation that represents repeated addition, the combining of equal groups, or an array.
Term
Net
Definition
A pattern that can be folded to make a three-dimensional figure.
Term
Number line
Definition
A line that represents a set of numbers using a set of points.
Term
Numerator
Definition
The number above the line in a fraction. It represents the parts of the whole.
Term
Ordered pair
Definition
Two numbers, in order, that are used to describe the location of a point on a plane, relative to a point of origin (0,0).
Term
Ordinal number
Definition
A number that shows relative position or place; for example, first, second, third, fourth.
Term
Parallel lines
Definition
Lines in the same plane that do not intersect.
Term
Parallelogram
Definition
 A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel such as a square, rectangle or rhombus.
Term
Pentagon
Definition
A polygon with five sides.
Term
Percent
Definition

A ratio expressed using the symbol, %. It means “out of a hundred”.

Term
Perimeter
Definition
The length of the boundary of a shape, or the distance around a shape.
Term
Perpendicular lines
Definition
Two lines in the same plane that intersect at a 90º angle.
Term
Place value
Definition
The value of a digit that appears in a number. The value depends on the position or place in which the digit appears in the number.
Term
Polygon
Definition
A closed shape formed by three or more line segments; for example, triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, octagon.
Term
Primary data
Definition
Information that is collected directly or first-hand; for example, observations and measurements collected directly by students through surveys.
Term
Prime number
Definition
A whole number greater than 1 that has only two factors, itself and 1. For example, the only factors of 7 are 7 and 1.
Term
Prism
Definition
A three-dimensional figure with two parallel and congruent bases.
Term
Probability
Definition
A number from 0 to 1 that shows how likely it is that an event will
happen.
Term
Product
Definition

The answer to a multiplication question.

Term
Proper fraction
Definition
A fraction whose numerator is smaller than its denominator; for example, 2/3.
Term
Pyramid
Definition
 A polyhedron whose base is a
polygon and whose other faces are triangles that meet at a common vertex.
Term
Rate
Definition
A comparison, or a type of ratio, of two measurements with different units, such as distance and time; for example, 100 km/h, 10 kg/m3, 20 L/100 km.
Term
Polyhedron
Definition
A three-dimensional figure that has polygons as faces.
Term
Prime factorization
Definition
An expression showing a composite number as the product of its prime factors. The _________________ for 24 is 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.
Term
Quadrant
Definition
One quarter of the Cartesian plane, bounded by the coordinate axes.
Term
Quadrilateral
Definition
A polygon with four sides
Term
Rectangle
Definition
A quadrilateral in which opposite sides are equal, and all interior angles are right angles.
Term
Rectangular prism
Definition
A prism with opposite congruent rectangular faces.
Term
Reflection
Definition
The mirror image that results from a flip is also called a:
Term
Rhombus
Definition
A parallelogram with equal sides. Sometimes called a diamond.
Term
Right angle
Definition
An angle that measures 90º.
Term
Rotation
Definition
A transformation that turns a shape about a fixed point to form a congruent shape. Also called turn.
Term
Rotational symmetry
Definition
Turning or rotating a shape less than 360 degrees so that it appears to look the same as its original position.
Term
Scale drawing
Definition

 A type of drawing in which the lengths are proportionally reduced or enlarged from actual lengths.

For example: 1 cm may equal 1 m.

Term
Secondary data
Definition
Information that is not collected first-hand; for example, data from a magazine, a newspaper, a government document, or a database.
Term
Translation
Definition

Another word for slide.

 

Example: H H H H H H H

Term
Sphere
Definition
A perfectly round ball
Term
Square
Definition
A rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles. Also can be considered a rhombus.
Term
Standard form
Definition

A way of writing a number in which each digit has a place value according to its position in relation to the other digits. For example, 7856 is in this type of form.

Term
Straight angle
Definition
An angle that measures 180º.
Term
Subtraction
Definition
The operation that represents the difference between two numbers.
Term
Surface area
Definition
The total area of the surface of a three-dimensional object.
Term
Survey
Definition
A record of observations gathered from a sample of a population. For example, observations may be gathered and recorded by asking people questions or interviewing them.
Term
Symmetry
Definition
The geometric property of being balanced about a point, a line, or a
plane.
Term
Table
Definition

An arrangement of numerical values in vertical columns and horizontal rows. Often patterns are organized by one of these.

Term
Tally chart
Definition
A chart that uses tally marks to count data and record frequencies
Term
Term
Definition
The numbers in a pattern, such as the 5th "______" or the 6th "______".
Term
Tessellation
Definition
A tiling pattern in which shapes are fitted together with no gaps or overlaps. A regular one uses congruent shapes.
Term
Tetrahedron
Definition
A polyhedron with four faces. It has faces that are equilateral triangles. Some people may called it a trianglular based pyramid.
Term
Transformation
Definition
A change in a figure that results in a different position, orientation, or size. It could be a translation, reflection or rotation.
Term
Trapezoid
Definition
A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides.
Term
Unit rate
Definition
A rate that, when expressed as a ratio, has a second term that is one unit. For example, travelling 120 km in 2 h gives a unit rate of 60 km/h.
Term
Variable
Definition

A letter or symbol used to represent an unknown quantity.

For example: 5 + x = 15

Term
Venn diagram
Definition
A diagram consisting of overlapping and/or nested shapes used to show what two or more sets have and do not have in common.
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount of space occupied by an object; measured in cubic units, such as cubic centimetres.
Term
Whole number
Definition

The name for any number that is not a fraction or mixed number.

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