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Math 8 Vocabulary
8th Grade SOL Vocabulary
50
Mathematics
8th Grade
12/02/2024

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Term
ratio
Definition
a comparison of any two quantities
Term
absolute value
Definition
distance a number is from zero
Term
percent
Definition
per hundred
Term
natural numbers
Definition
the set of numbers {1, 2, 3, 4...}
Term
whole numbers
Definition
the set of numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4...}
Term
integers
Definition
the set of numbers {...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3...}
Term
rational numbers
Definition
the set of all numbers that can be written as the ratio of two integers with a non-zero denominator
Term
irrational numbers
Definition
the set of all numbers that cannot be expressed as the ratio of integers
Term
real numbers
Definition
the set of all rational and irrational numbers
Term
order of operations
Definition
1) grouping symbols, 2) exponents, 3) multiply/divide from left to right, 4) add/subtract from left to right
Term
proportion
Definition
two equivalent ratios
Term
percent of change
Definition
(new - original) / original * 100
Term
square root
Definition
the inverse of squaring a number
Term
perimeter
Definition
the measure of the distance around a figure
Term
area
Definition
the number of square units needed to cover a surface or figure
Term
surface area
Definition
sum of areas of faces for a three-dimensional figure
Term
complementary angles
Definition
a pair of angles whose sum is 90 degrees
Term
supplementary angles
Definition
a pair of angles whose sum is 180 degrees
Term
vertical angles
Definition
a pair of angles formed by two intersecting lines; they are congruent and only share a vertex
Term
adjacent angles
Definition
share a common side and a common vertex
Term
right triangle
Definition
formed by two legs and a hypotenuse
Term
hypotenuse
Definition
the longest side of a right triangle, always opposite the 90 degree angle
Term
ordered pair
Definition
(x, y)
Term
independent events
Definition
probability of multiple events in which each event does not affect the others
Term
dependent events
Definition
probability of multiple events in which one event affects the outcome of the next
Term
scatter plot
Definition
illustrates the relationship between two sets of data
Term
positive correlation
Definition
y-coordinates increase as x-coordinates increase
Term
negative correlation
Definition
y-coordinates decrease as x-coordinates increase
Term
no correlation
Definition
no relationship exists between the x- and ycoordinates
Term
additive identity property
Definition
x + 0 = x
Term
additive inverse property
Definition
x + (-x) = 0
Term
associative property
Definition
2(3x) = (2 ∙ 3)x
Term
commutative property
Definition
y ∙ 9 = 9y
Term
multiplicative identity property
Definition
x ∙ 1 = x
Term
multiplicative inverse property
Definition
x ∙ (1/x) = 1
Term
multiplicative property of zero
Definition
x ∙ 0 = 0
Term
distributive property
Definition
5 ∙ (y - 7) = (5 ∙ y) - (5 ∙ 7)
Term
equation
Definition
a mathematical sentence stating that two expressions are equal.
Term
expression
Definition
a mathematical phrase that can contain ordinary numbers, variables (like x or y) and operators (like add, subtract, multiply, and divide)
Term
variable
Definition
an alphabetic character representing a number
Term
coefficient
Definition
a number being multiplied by a variable
Term
constant
Definition
a number being added or subtracted from a term containing a variable
Term
domain
Definition
all of the x-values in a relation
Term
range (algebraic)
Definition
all of the y-values in a relation
Term
independent variable
Definition
variable representing the input values
Term
dependent variable
Definition
variable representing the output values
Term
mean
Definition
the numerical average of a data set
Term
median
Definition
the center of an ordered data set
Term
mode
Definition
the most frequently repeated value(s) of a data set
Term
range (statistical)
Definition
the difference between the highest and lowest values of data set
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