Term
| What chemical factors cause the initiation of respirations in a newborn? |
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Definition
- decrease of PO2 and increase of PCO2 which stimulates the respiratory center in the medulla
- *clamping of the cord is thought to drop levels of prostaglandin which inhibits respirations
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Term
| What mechanical factors initiate newborn respirations? |
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Definition
- intrathoracic pressure is increased during compression of vaginal birth
- negative pressure is released upon birth, resulting in distribution of air into the lungs
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Term
| What thermal factors initiate newborn breathing? |
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Definition
- temperature change D/T extrauterine environment stimulates the receptors in the skin, stimulating the respiratory center of the medulla
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Term
| What sensory factors stimulate the newborn breathing? |
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Definition
- touch, smell, sight can stimulate the respiratory center
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Term
| Normal Vital Signs of a Newborn |
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Definition
- abdominal breathing, 30-60 RR/min, shallow and irregular with <20 sec pauses
- 100-120 BPM
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Term
| Signs of Respiatory Distress in a Newborn |
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Definition
- nasal flaring, severe chest retraction
- grunting, groaning
- seesaw respirations (tummy out, chest down and vice versa)
- apnea 20> or longer, with too low or too high RR
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Term
| Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn |
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Definition
- extra fluid in the lungs remains or is cleared too slowly; it is harder for the newborn to inhale oxygen
- baby breathes harder and faster
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Term
| What are the four modes of heat loss in an infant? |
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Definition
- Convection
- Radiation
- Evaporation
- Conduction
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Term
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Definition
- flow of heat from the body surface to the cool air
- *nursery is kept at 24 degrees celcius (72.5 degrees F)
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Term
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Definition
- loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface within relative proximity
- *avoid placing infants near windows, doors and drafts
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Term
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Definition
- loss of heat from the bodu surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact
- *protective covers should be used when placing infants in cribs or on scales, etc.
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Term
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Definition
- heat loss that occurs when a liquid is converted to a vapor
- *dry infant directly after birth and after bathing; most significant cause of heat loss in newborns
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