Term
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Definition
| Long, difficult, or abnormal labor. Used to identify poor labor progression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Labor contractions that are strong and often painful but are ineffective at producing cervical effacement and dilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uterine contractions decrease in frequency and intensity. Defined as fewer than two or three contractions in a 10-minute period during active labor. A more common type of uterine dysfunctional pattern that contributes to poor labor progression. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fetus whose birth weight is above the 90th percentile on an intrauterine growth chart for that gestational age. Often results from a fetal imbalance between glucose and insulin in women diagnosed with any type of diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Labor contractions that are very rapid and intense. Labor lasts less than 3 hours from beginning of contractions to birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pathological retraction ring that develops between the upper and lower uterine segments. It is associated with protracted labor, prolonged ROM, and increased risk of uterine rupture. |
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Term
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Definition
| The surveillance of a woman and her fetus for a set amount of time (usually 4-6 hours) during spontaneous active labor to assess the safety of a vaginal birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protrusion of the umbilical cord in advance of the presenting part. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sue of chemical or mechanical modalities to initiate uterine contractions to bring about childbirth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rating system that may be sued to determine the level of cervical inducibility. A series of points is awarded to cervical dilation, effacement, station, consistency, and position. In general, a labor induction is more likely to be successful with a higher score. (page 434) |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to stimulate uterine contractions after labor has begun spontaneously but is not progressing satisfactorily. Usually for hypotonic labor. |
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Term
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Definition
| An instrument consisting of cephalic-curved blades similar to the shape of the fetal head. (page 437-438) |
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Term
| Caput Succedaneum (or chignon) |
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Definition
| Swelling of the soft tissue of the fetal head. (page 438-439) |
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Term
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Definition
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| Fetal presentation where the fetal head presents at different angles than expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Turning of a fetus from one presentation to another. Can be internal or external. |
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Term
| Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) |
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Definition
| Often used to describe unsuccessful attempts at vaginal birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of a decrease in the FHR below the baseline 15 bpm or more that lasts more than 2 minutes but less than 10 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a deceleration lasts more than 10 minutes. |
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Term
| Fetal Pulse Oximetry (FPO) |
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Definition
| Continuous monitoring of fetal oxygen saturation. Not used often and not endorsed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less than 300 mL of amniotic fluid. |
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Term
| Hydramnios (or polyhydramnios) |
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Definition
| Greater than 2 L of amniotic fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stools of the infant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uterus turned inside out. Rare but potentially life-threatening situation that most often results from excessive pulling on the umbilical cord in an attempt to hasten the third stage of delivery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the unprotected fetal vessels cover the cervical os and precede the fetus. Usually seen with valamentous insertion of the umbilical cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the fetal vessels separate at the distal end of the cord and insert into the placenta at a distance away from the margin (page 455). |
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Term
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Definition
| A ring composed of a double fold of amnion and chorion has formed near the fetal surface. Associated with antepartum hemorrhage, preterm delivery, and fetal malformations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placenta contains one or two separate lobes, each with its own circulation. The separate lobes may be retained after delivery and result in postpartum hemorrhage. |
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Term
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Definition
| The umbilical cord is implanted near the margin of the placenta. May be associated with fetal hemorrhage, especially after marginal separation of the placenta. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slight penetration of the mymetrium by the trophoblast. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep placental penetration of the myometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| Placental perforation of the uterus. |
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Term
| Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE) |
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Definition
| Obstruction of a blood vessel by amniotic fluid. Rare complication, but associated with high maternal and fetal mortality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The death of offspring occurring during the late pregnancy (at 22 weeks or greater). |
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Term
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Definition
| The birth of a fetus through an abdominal incision into the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| One that extends beyond 294 days or 42 weeks. |
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