Fly rafter
Definition
a rafter in a rake overhang |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a saw cut that produces a level surface in a sloping rafter when the rafter is in its final position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the exposed vertical face of an eave. In photo a gutter is attached. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an angled notch cut into a rafter to allow the rafter to seat securely on the top plate of the wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches(51mm) thick, in which the wall members are single pieces that run from the sill to the top plates at the eave. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one of an array of small, closely spaced, parallel wall framing members; a heavy steel pin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the rough covering applied to the outside of the roof, wall, or floor framing of a structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A wooden joist running perpendicular to the primary direction of the joists in a floor and closing off the floor platform at the outside face of the building. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the horizontal member at the top of the studs in a wall in a light frame building |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the horizontal bottom portion of a window or door; the exterior surface, usually sloped to shed water, below the bottom of a window or door. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pieces of wood inserted tightly between joists, studs, or rafters in a building frame ti stabilize the structure, inhibit the passage of fire, provide a nailing surface for finish materials, or retain insulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagonal bracing that is nailed into notches cut in the face of the studs so as not to increase the thickness of the wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horizontal dimension in a stair or sloping roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a triangular wall beneath the end of a gable roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a short wall under the slope of a roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horizontal edge the low side of a sloping roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a piece of wood nailed across two opposing rafters near the ridge to resist wind uplift |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a roof rafter at the intersection of two sloping roof planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a wooden building frame composed of closely spaced members nominally 2 inches thick in which the wall members do not run past the floor framing members |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a framing member that runs up and down the slope of a steep roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In framed construction, a member that carries other perpendicular framing members, such as a bream above an opening in a wall or a joist supporting other joists where they are interrupted by a floor opening. In steel construction, a beam that spans between girder. In masonry construction, a brick or other masonry unit that is laid across two wythes with its end exposed in the face of the wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the loadbearing surface beneath a finish floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a nonstructural framing member against which the upper ends of rafters are fastened |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bracing or blocking installed between steel or wood joists at midspan to stabilize them against buckling and, in some cases, to permit adjacent joists to share loads. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the slope of a roof or other plane, often expressed as inches of rise per foot of run |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a diagonal intersection of plains in a hip roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unlike joists, floor trusses allow heating, plumbing and electrical material to run inside them rather than below |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a roof shape consisting of two superimposed levels of gable roofs with the lower level at a steeper pitch than the upper. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a short rafter, running perpendicular to the other rafters in the roof, which supports a rake overhang. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a saw cut that produces a vertical (plumb) surface in a sloping rafter after the rafter is in its final position |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Def: A structure protruding through the plane of a sloping roof, usually containing a window and having its own smaller roof. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Def: A shortened rafter that joins a hip or valley rafter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A mason stacks pieces of material (bricks, stones, or concrete blocks, collectively called masonry units) atop one another to make walls. They use the most ancient of all building techniques, taking the material of the earth and forming arches, vaults, walls and foundations. This field remains to be the most labor intensive.Masonry is durable, scarcely affected by water, air or fire. Brilliant colors will not fade, and its structure will stand for generations. Their structures are primarily supported by load-bearing walls (pg. 298) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mortar was originally the mud smeared into the joints of the rising wall to lend stability and weather tightness. Masons learned the art of turning limestone into lime mortar gradually replacing mud. |
|
|
Term
Mortar is a vital part of masonry as the masonry units themselves. Mortar serves to cushion the masonry units |
|
Definition
giving them full bearing against one another. Mortar seals between the units to keep water and wind from penetrating; it adheres to the units to one another to bond them into a monolithic structural unit. Water used in mortar should be clean and free of acids, alkalies and organic material, so generally potable. (pg. 301) |
|
|
Term
Mortar Ingredients:BULLETThe most common type is cement-lime mortar |
|
Definition
made of portland cement, hydrated lime, an inert aggregate and water. The aggregate, sand, must be clean and must be screened to eliminate particles. The portland cement is a bonding agent in the mortar.(Diagram for Portland cement manufacturing is on page 518) BULLETOnly Portland cement types I, II and III are recommended for use in masonry mortars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
According to ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) C270 there are four basic mortar types, distinguished primarily by difference in strength. BULLETType N Mortar: recommended for exterior veneers and walls subject to high wind forces or high seismic loads BULLET Type S Mortar: high flexural bond strength than type N Mortar. Recommended for exterior reinforced masonry, exterior loadbearing masonry walls and walls subject to high wind forces or high seismic loads BULLET Type O Mortar: is a low strength mortar recommended mainly for interior non-loadbearing masonry and historic restoration work. BULLET Type M Mortar: high strength Mortar will less workability than type S or N. It is recommended for masonry construction below grade, masonry subject to high lateral or compressive loads, or masonry exposed to severe frost action. (pg 302) BULLET Because lower strength mortars are more workable than higher strength mortars, as a general rule, the lowest strength mortar should be chosen. The majority of mortar types used are either Type N or Type S. BULLET MaSoN wOrK (Memory aid: every other letter is the different mortar types from strongest to weakest) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Quick lime is produced by burning the calcium carbonate to drive out carbon dioxide, leaving quicklime (calcium oxide). Then it is slaked by allowing it to absorb as much water as it can. Resulting the formation of calcium hydroxide, called slaked lime or hydrated lime. |
|
|
Term
Masonry cements (light/dark) |
|
Definition
cement that is tailored for use in masonry applications, when consistancy and quality are important - (like in mortar) ←-- may be incorrect, but its our best guess |
|
|
Term
dry-press process (for bricks?) |
|
Definition
used for clays that shrink excessively during drying. Clay mixed with a minimum of water (up to 10%) is pressed into steel molds by a machine working at a very high pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a brick selected on the basis of appearance & durability for use in the exposed surface of a wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FBX- least shape distortion, least variation in size, minimum chippage BULLET FBS- general purpose brick BULLET FBA- non-uniformity in size and shape permitted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SW- any weathering region, should be specified for all brick in contact w/ the earth BULLET MW- aboveground brick BULLET NW- to be used in sheltered/indoor locations only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a brick laid so as to bond two wythes together. For walls two or more wythes thick, headers are used to bond the wythes together into a structural unit. (pg 312) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a masonry unit laid on its end with its face parallel to the wall. Architects frequently employ soldier courses for visual emphasis in such locations as window lintels or tops of walls. (pg 312/313) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The most popular structural bonds for brickwork are the common bond, running bond, Flemish bond and English bond. Figure 8.18 on page 313 shows the configuration of each. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a running bond consists entirely of stretcher bricks. (pg 313) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a mortar joint tooled into a curved, indented profile. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A spanning device in which masonry units in successive courses are cantilevered slightly over one another; a projecting bracket of masonry or concrete. |
|
|
Term
reinforced brick masonry (RBM) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
galvanized steel wire laid into bed joints and across the cavity, usually at intervals of 24 in horizontally and 16 in vertically in masonry (p326) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
slaked lime or hydrated lime - page 301 |
|
Definition
process- quicklime is slacked by allowing it absorb as much water as it will hold, resulting in the formation of calcium hydroxide, called slacked lime or hydrated lime. The hydrated lime is subsequently dried, ground, and bagged for shipment. |
|
|
Term
sand-struck/sand-mold brick |
|
Definition
matte-textured surface brick. produced as the wet mold being dusted with sand before forming. |
|
|
Term
stiff mud process Page 305 & 306 Figures 8.8 & 8.9 |
|
Definition
(most widely used today) Clay containing 12-15 percent water is passed through a vacuum to remove air pockets, then the clay is extruded through a rectangular die. An automatic cutter slices it into bricks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
considered as solid brick (remain at least 75% solid) |
|
|
Term
firebrick - Page 310 Allen Text under Brick Classification |
|
Definition
Bricks used for lining fireplaces or furnaces (ASTM C64 - American Society for Testing and Materials) Firebricks are made from fireclays that produce bricks with refractory qualities. Firebricks are laid in very thin joints of fireclay mortar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A brick laid with its face parallel to the wall and its long dimension horizontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A vertical layer of masonry units, one unit thick. A two-wythe wall, two vertical layers of masonry units, two units thick etc. (pg 312) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has a header course of brick every sixth course. Head joints are aligned between the header and stretcher courses. (pg 312 Figure 8.18) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
these joints can be used if the architect desires to accentuate the pattern of bricks in the wall and deemphasize the mortar joint. (pg 318) Typically only used indoors because of water penetration into the mortar joint and brick, unless you are FLW. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a method of constructing a reinforced bars are embedded in grout in increments not higher than 4 feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produced by large number of relatively small factories from a variety of local clays and shales, raw material is dug from pits,crushed,ground, and screened to reduced it to a fin consistency, water used to produce plastic clay to form bricks pg 305 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(One of the major ingredients in mortar) is produced by burning limestone of seashells (calcium carbonate) in a kiln to drive off carbon dioxide and leave quicklime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blends of portland cement, lime and other additives. formulated with limits on air entrainment that allow them to meet bond strength requirements comparable to those of cement-lime mortars. treated equally to traditional cement-lime mortars according to structural codes meaning that bond strength properties are similar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
to keep the sticky clay from adhering to the molds, the molds may be dipped in water immediately before being filled-produces bricks with relatively smooth dense surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a fused, pebblelike mass that is an intermediate product of cement manufacture; a brick that is overburned. also bricks adjacent to the fire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A brick laid on its face with its end visible in the wall face. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A horizontal layer of masonry units one unit high; a horizontal line of shingles or siding. Coursed: in masonry, laid in courses with straight bed joints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a masonry wall that includes a continuous airspace between its outermost wythe and the reminder of the wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening. lintels of reinforced concrete, reinforced brick or steel angles are all equally satisfactory from a technical standpoint.SEE IMAGE BELOW → shows 3 types of lintels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a mixture of portland cement, aggregate and water. Grout is poured into the cavity where a reinforcing steel is place and that is also between a reinforced brick wall. SEE IMAGE BELOW |
|
|
Term
high-lift grouting (p. 326) |
|
Definition
a method of constructing a reinforced wall where grout and reinforcing bars are placed one story at a time. cleanliness is ensured by temporarily omitting some of the bricks in the lowest course of masonry to create cleanout holes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rock that was deposited in a molten state. (page 338) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the igneous rock most commonly quarried for construction in north America. Granite is nonporous, hard, strong and durable. (page 338) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the second major sedimentary rock type used in building construction. (page 340) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a highly stratified, durable stone especially suitable for paving and wall copings. Sedimentary rock! (340) type of sandstone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a rough building stone obtained from riverbeds and rock- strewn fields. (340) not a rock type. A random rock you find in a field. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stone masonry configuration in which there are continuous horizontal joint lines, with each row having a constant height throughout (347) |
|
|
Term
concrete masonry unit (CMU) |
|
Definition
A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
molded components, often highly ornamental, made of fired clay, designed to be used in the facades of buildings (glossary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rock formation created by layering of sediment deposited by water and wind and compressed into rock form by heat and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A very dense and durable igneous rock, usually dark gray in color; classified by ASTM C119 in the granite group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A richly patterned, marble like form of limestone; Classified by ASTM C119 in the Other Stone Group. Sedimentary rock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of two metamorphic stone groups used in construction. It was formed from clay and is a dense, hard stone that is easily split into thin sheets. It is ideal for use in paving, roof shingles and thin wall facings and comes in a variety of colors such as black, gray, purple, blue, green and red. (340) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stone masonry configuration which does not focus on courses. This stonework is laid very much like brickwork, except the irregular shapes and sizes of the stones require the mason to select each stone carefully to fit the available space and, occasionally, to trim a stone with a mason’s hammer or chisel (347) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a concrete masonry unit, usually hollow, that is larger than a brick |
|
|
Term
autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC) |
|
Definition
concrete with a ton of air bubbles in it, allowing for lighter weight, and is highly insulating. p368 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rock which was formerly igneous or sedimentary and was then transformed by heat and pressure into a new rock form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of sedimentary rock which is porous, of low to medium density, and can range in color from light grey/buff to iron oxide red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of sedimentary sandstone widely used in wall construction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
type of metamorphic rock (recrystallized limestone) which is easily carved and polished, occurs in nearly every color and often has intricate grain patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stone that has been quarried and cut into rectangular form (341) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Finished dimension stone that is cut into small rectangular blocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Finished dimension stone that is cut into large slabs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin slabs of stone, either rectangular or irregular in pattern, that are used for flooring and paving (341) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
or pointing mortar, is used as a finishing mortar. p350 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hollow masonry unit made of glass... duh? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin, impervious membrane which catches water off the interior face of the exterior wythe of a cavity wall and redirects it out weep holes in the base of the wythe |
|
|
Term
(non-loadbearing)-bearing wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solid masonry walls of more than one wythe, with an outer wythe of stone or face brick and a backup wythe of hollow concrete masonry. The two wythes are bonded together either by steel horizontal joint reinforcing or steel ties, and the space between the two wythes is filled with mortar. (pg 378, illustrated on page 379) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a construction method used to evacuate moisture from the inter cavity wall of masonry construction to the exterior wall and prevents moisture from entering the interior wall space. When water enters the outer wythe of material and enters the cavity, it moves downward and is caught by a thin, impervious membrane called flashing and is drained to the exterior through the weep holes. (pg. 380) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevents moisture from entering into the masonry wall at its exposed top or where it intersects the roof. (pg. 390) |
|
|
Term
counter flashing (p. 390) |
|
Definition
a flashing turned down from above to overlap another flashing turned up from below so as to shed water OR one of the two flashings that overlap each other in an external flashing. it’s embedded in the masonry wall above the base flashing and extends downward, overlapping the base flashing. counterflashings are often made in two interlocking pieces, making it easier to install and remove when in need of a replacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a slot, usually horizontal, and inclined in cross section, into which a flashing or roof membrane may be inserted in a concrete or masonry surface |
|
|
Term
exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS) |
|
Definition
a cladding system that consists 1of a thin layer of reinforced stucco applied directly to the surface of an insulating plastic foam board |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a length of wood or metal attached to a masonry or concrete wall to permit the attachment of finish materials to the wall using screws or nails; any linear material used to create a spacial separation between a finish material and an underlying substrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a line or plane along which movement is allowed to take place in a building or a surface of a building in response to such forces as moisture expansion and contraction, thermal expansion and contraction, foundation settling, and seismic forces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a connection between materials or elements that is not designed to allow for movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a surface divider joint that provides space for the surface to expand. in common usage, a building separation joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure. also called a contraction joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a powdery deposit on the face of a structure of masonry or concrete, caused by the leaching of chemical salts by water migrating from within the structure to the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the cracking or flaking of the surface of concrete or masonry units, caused, for example, by freeze-thaw action, corroding reinforcing, or pointing mortars that are harder and stronger than the mortar deeper in the masonry joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process of removing deteriorated mortar from the zone near the surface of a brick wall and inserting fresh mortar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
traditionally a method of finishing masonry joints using mortars of different colors to artificially create the appearance of a more refined joint; in contemporary usage, may be used interchangeably with repointing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
portland cement plaster applied over masonry to make it less permeable to water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Def: A law that specifies in detail how land within a municipality be used.
- For Example: Zoning Ordinances govern the types of activities that may take place on a given piece of land, how much of the land may be covered by buildings, how far buildings must be set back from adjacent property lines, number of parking spaces, the total amount of floor area, and how tall the buildings may be. They also include fire protection requirements, neighborhood enterprise districts or the revitalization of existing buildings (Page 8).
|
|
|
Term
International Building Code (IBC) |
|
Definition
- Def: The predominant U.S. model building codes. The IBC’s purpose in establishing occupancy groups is to distinguish various degrees of need for safety in buildings.
- Example: Building codes in our textbooks are all based on the IBC. The IBC begins by defining occupancy groups as follows:
- Groups A-1 through A-5 are public assembly. (theaters, auditoriums, lecture halls, nightclubs, etc.)
- Group B is Business occupancies: (banks, administrative office, higher education, banks.)
- Group E is Educational occupancies: (schools for grades K-12 and daycare)
- Group F-1 and F-2 are Industrial Processes using non-combustible materials.
- Group H-1 through H-5 include various types of High Hazard occupancies
- Groups I-1 through I-4 are Institutional occupancies
- Group M is Mercantile, (stores, markets, service stations and salesrooms
- Groups R-1 through R-4 are Residential Occupancies
- Groups S-1 and S-2 are storage buildings
- Group U is Utility buildings, (agricultural buildings, greenhouses, carports, sheds, stables)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Def: A fire resistance rating is the time, in hours or fractions of an hour, that a material or assembly will resist fire exposure as determined by ASTM.
- Some strategies to increase your Fire Resistance rating include:
- Fireblocking (a material partition used to restrict the spread of fire), fire doors, Fire partitions, Fireproofing materials, Fire protective glazing for glass, using a fire resistant material, or increasing density of material (Heavy timber construction).
|
|
|
Term
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) |
|
Definition
Makes accessibility to public buildings a civil right of all Americans. (pg.14) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Def: A set of regulations set up by local governments intended to protect public health and safety by setting minimum standards for construction quality, structural integrity, durability, livability, and fire saftey in buildings. (pg.8-9)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-in the international building code a definition of the types of activities that occur within the building or part of the building, relating to considerations of life safety |
|
|
Term
Non-bearing wall or partition |
|
Definition
not carrying a load from above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
providing for the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future generations to provide for their needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a code that is offered by a recognized national organization as worthy of adoption by state or local governments; alternatives to local governments writing their own codes, model building codes are often adopted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- in the International Building Code, any of five major systems of building construction that are differentiated by their relative resistance to fire.
- Type I: made with highly fire-resistant, non-combustible materials.
- Type II-IV: levels of fire-resistance falling between the extremes of Type I & V. (Type IV is somewhat of an anomaly, Heavy Timber Construction)
- Type V: built from combustible wood framing; least fire resistant.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A wall that supports floors and roofs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the practice of sustainable design and construction. (pg.5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The portion of a building that transmits structural loads from the building to the earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A force on a building caused by pressure and or wind suction. Design decisions must be made to prevent damage to the structure resulting in against shear, sliding, overturning, and uplift actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A continuous mass of solid mineral material which can only be removed by drilling and blasting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a general term referring to any earth material that is particulate. |
|
|
Term
Coarse-/fine-grained soil |
|
Definition
- Coarse-grained soils include gravel and sand.
- Fine-grained soils include silt and clay. These have small ‘soil pores,’ so they do not allow water through as easily as a coarse-grained soil such as sand or gravel would.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In terms of soils, cohesive means they retain measurable sheer strength even in the absence of confining force. Simply put, cohesive soils tend to stick together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used to determine soil and water conditions beneath a site. They are useful when a foundation is not expected to extend deeper than 16 feet, which is the maximum practical reach of small excavating machines. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sheeting consisting of vertical planks of wood, steel, or precast concrete that are placed tightly against one another and driven into the earth to form a solid wall before excavation begins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Extraction of water from an excavation or the surrounding soil. Most common method is removal of water by pumping as it accumulates pits created at low points around an excavation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the occupied below-ground portion of a building. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the part of a foundation that spreads a load from the building across a broader area of soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
space that is not tall enough stand in , located beneath the bottom of a building. Crawlspaces are typically seen only in warmer climates where foundation damage does not occur due to the depth of the frost line. A crawlspace is often used under a floor structure of wood or steel, and gives much better access to underfloor piping and wiring than a slab on grade.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a.k.a. caisson, a cylindrical sitecast concrete foundation unit that penetrates through unsatisfactory soil to rest upon an underlying stratum of rock or satisfactory soil, an enclosure that permits excavation work to be carried underwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexible fabrics made of chemically inert plastics that are highly resistant to deterioration in the soil. (earth reinforcement, drainage mat) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
moisture resistant cement plaster or asphalt compound commonly applied to residential basement walls and to other substructures where groundwater conditions are mild or waterproofing requirements are not critical.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
permanent loads on a building, including the weight of the building itself and any permanently attached equipment.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a lateral or inclined force resulting from the structural action of an arch, vault, dome, suspension structure, or rigid frame |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uniform Settlment: settlement occurs at the same rate across all portions of the building; every building settles to some degree. When all parts of a building rest on the same kind of soil, and the loads on the building and the design of its structural system are uniform throughout
differential settlement: where soils, loads, or struc- tural systems differ between parts of a building, different parts of the build- ing structure may settle by substantially different amounts, the frame of the building may become distorted, floors may slope, walls and glass may crack, and doors and windows may not work properly. Most foundation failures are attributable to excessive differential settlement.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil particulate able to be picked up between a thumb and forefinger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soil particulate too small to see with the naked eye and roughly spherical in shape |
|
|
Term
Cohensionless or frictional Soils
[image]
|
|
Definition
Cohesionless soil has little or no attraction between its particles; cohesionless soil such as sand must be excavated at a much more shallow angle to avoid the collapse of the excavation wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gives an indication of the bearing capacity of a soil based on the number of blows of a standard driving hammer needed to advance a sampling tube into the soil by a fixed amount. Generally, multiple samples are taken at a single building site. |
|
|
Term
Slurry wall: (p. 40)
Definition
- (a more) complicated and expensive form of excavation support that is usually economical only if it becomes part of the permanent foundation of the building
- Steps in constructing a slurry wall:
- Concrete walls have been installed and the clamshell bucket beings excavating the trench through a bentonite clay slurry
- The trench is dug to the desired depth with the slurry serving to prevent collapse of the walls of the trench
- A welded cage of steel reinforcing bars is lowered into the slurry
- The trench is concreted from the bottom up with the aid of a tremie (funnel-tube arrangement). The displaced slurry is pumped from the trench, filtered, and stored for reused.
- The reinforced concrete wall is tied back as excavation progressed
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- a pit designed to collect water by pumping for removal from an excavation or basement
- most common method of dewatering (extraction of water from excavation or surrounding soil)
|
|
|
Term
Shallow foundation: (p. 52) |
|
Definition
- a building foundation located at the base of a wall or column, bearing on soil relatively close to the ground surface
- OR transfers the load to the earth at the base of the column or wall of the substructure
- generally less expensive than deep foundations
- can be used where suitable soil is found at the level of the bottom of the substructure several feet or stories below ground
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- earth compacted into place in such a way that it has predictable physical properties
- based on laboratory tests and specified, supervised installation procedures under a soils engineer
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The floor of a building partly or entirely below ground level. Basements provide usable space for building occupants.
|
|
|
|