Term
|
Definition
continuous product
cover broad expanse
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Term
|
Definition
contained pattern with edges and an outside dimension |
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Term
|
Definition
carpet manufactured in 54" or wider |
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Term
|
Definition
carpet cut up in to tiles |
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Term
|
Definition
90% of carpets today made of this fiber
absorb little water
stain stays on surface
good abraison resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
lightest comercial fiber
good soil and water resistant |
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Term
|
Definition
feels like wool
low soiling rate
high static resistant
excellent abraision resistance and color fastness |
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Term
|
Definition
ideal standard
good soil resistant
natural flame resistant
not as easy to clean as nylon
used in carpets |
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Term
|
Definition
used in rugs
absorbs moisture |
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Term
|
Definition
coarse heavy duty
used in rugs and carpets |
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Term
|
Definition
refers to carpet manufacturing process
tufting
weaving
fusion bonding
knitted
hand tufted
needle punched
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Term
|
Definition
broadloom often made this way
also some carpet tiles
pile is injected onto primary backing then backed w/ add material
cheaper and faster production than woven
machine made
easy to install
90% of carpets
primary backing is woven or non woven
material where tufts are inserted loops held in place with latex adhesive
2nd backing = stability/strength made of jute or polyproylene
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Term
|
Definition
tufted carpet
amount of pile yarn in an area of carpet fface determined by # size tufts |
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Term
|
Definition
tufted carpet
spacing of tutfing needles across the width of the carpet |
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Term
|
Definition
number of tufts in the length of the carpet
standard 12 ft |
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Term
|
Definition
thermoplastic process dev. by milken
yarns attached to backing by adhesion
adhesive applied first then yarns implanted
parallel backing with yarns are cut down middle to make pile
carpet tiles
dimensionaly stable
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Term
|
Definition
acess to floorin g
easy to replace when stained or warn
moisture barrier prvents spills from penetrating |
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Term
|
Definition
in fusion bounded carpet
amount of pile yarn in an area of the carpet determined by number/ size of tufts |
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Term
|
Definition
fuision bounded carpet
like gauge
number of yarns width |
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Term
|
Definition
fusion bounded carpet
like stitches
number of tufts length |
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Term
|
Definition
traditional method
pile/ backing are integrated dur process
dimensionally stable
<2 % of carpet in us
primarily used in hospitality
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Term
|
Definition
made on looms but w/o jacquard mechanism
wide range of pattern snd colors
produces solid color carpets
very soft and plush |
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Term
|
Definition
limited to 5 yarn changes in color
thich dificult to roll up
desired color yarn only brought to the surface when required by the pattern
used for hotel halls and rooms |
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Term
|
Definition
colors and patterns limitless
colored yarns insterted individually as they are required
high end residential and hospitality
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
pile density woven carpet |
|
Definition
woven carpet amount of pile yarn in an area |
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Term
|
Definition
woven carpet
like guage num of yarns across 27 in width of carpet |
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Term
|
Definition
woven carpet
like stitches num of ends per inch down length |
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Term
|
Definition
insert tufts one at a time w/ a gun
cotton canvas backing
made by hand not in parallel rows
wood = most common fiber
back sequired with latex
surface finshed by hand sculpted w/ sheers
unlimited number of yarns, colors, patterns
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Term
|
Definition
cut
level loop
cut loop
random tip sheared
velvet or plush
saxony
mutilevel loop
frieze |
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Term
|
Definition
turkis knot
oriental persion knot |
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Term
|
Definition
gen term for rugs from iran turkey india china and turkestan
materials wool silk and cotton
name refers to the region
traditional patterns |
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Term
|
Definition
pile weight x 36 / pile height
average pile density weight of pile yarn in carpet face
important factor for the wear installationkm |
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|
Term
physical fiber properties |
|
Definition
properties that can be evaluated by the naked eye or with a microscope
ex. length diameter, color, shape, covering power, hand, drape, luster, etc |
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|
Term
mechanical fiber properties |
|
Definition
the properties that are determined in the lab
abraision resistnace
dimensional stablilty
elastic recovery
elongation
flexibility
resillience
density
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|
|
Term
chemical fiber properties |
|
Definition
determines how the fiber will react when exposed to substances used in production and cleaning
absorbency
wicking
electrical conductivity
cheical reactivity
heat conductivity
flamability |
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|
Term
enviornmental fiber properties |
|
Definition
enviornmental conditions that affect textiles
climate
microorganisms
insects
sun
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Term
|
Definition
come from plants
animals
mineral sources |
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|
Term
man made or manufactured fibers |
|
Definition
artifically made in lab
derived from natural or syntheic materials |
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Term
|
Definition
very short usally measure in centimeteres or inches
all natural fibers
except silk
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Term
|
Definition
long continuous form
usually measure in meters or yards
all synthetc are filament
but can also be cut into staple
usually stronger than staple
(longer word) |
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Term
|
Definition
natural fibers
plants
seed fibers - cotton, kapok, coir
bast fibers- hemp, jute, flax, ramie
leaf fibers- abaca, raffia, sisal, pina
others-bamboo, rattan, cane |
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Term
|
Definition
metals
asbestos
gold
silver |
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Term
|
Definition
animal by product
silk
wool
specialty - alpaca, cashmere, camel, llama, mohair
fur- angora, beaver, chinchilla, fox, mink, sable
plummage - feathers
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
man made to represent cellulosic
regenerated cellulosics rayon lycocell
derivative cellulostics acetate, triacetate
regenerated protien fibers - alzon |
|
|
Term
special application aynthetic |
|
Definition
manufactured fiber
carbon
fluoropoluymer
lastrile
novoloid
polybenzimadole
saran
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Term
|
Definition
acrylic
aramid
modacrylic
nylon
olefin
polyester
spandex |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
natural cellulosic fiber
fiber from the seed of a cotton plant
grown in temperate to hot climate w/ adequate rainfall/ irregation
soft and comfortable
staple length .5"-2"
great absobitive quality - rich colors
relatively resistant to abraison and sunlight
releases soil easy
renweable source
biodegradable
extensive use of fertilizers and insecticies
uses lg quanites of water an denergy and chemicals to clean / finish fibers
water intesnive crop requires around 20 in of rain per year. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
envionrmental friendly no pesticides or fertilizers land where organic practices have been in use for at least 3 yrs
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Term
|
Definition
organic farming but not met the 3 yr min |
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Term
|
Definition
washed w/ mild natural based soap not bleached or treated w/ chemicals natural dyes |
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Term
|
Definition
comes from the flax plant
bast fibers come from the outer dege of the stem
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Term
|
Definition
smooth crisp and hard but not brittle
vulnerable to abraison and wrinkle prone
dense fiber
color is not saturated when died
naturally tan/ gray color - can be bleached
resistant alkalis, solvents and high temps
can be dry cleaned or machine washed |
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Term
|
Definition
linen process
unusable pulpy parts rott away
stiff parallel fibers are extracted bia dry or wet via chmical or bacterial |
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Term
|
Definition
crushes the outer covering passed b/t metal rollers |
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Term
|
Definition
short fibers are removed like combing |
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Term
|
Definition
combinbining fibers into yarns |
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Term
|
Definition
grass- woven for mats and wall covering
pina- beddings drapery
abaca banana fam- wall covers rope mats
sisal- floor covers, carpets, mats
raffia- wall covers
bamboo- beddings
rattan- furniture
cane-window blinds and screens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevalant protein fiber from sheep and other animals staple fiber
fibers are naturally crimp wavy springy resilient and durable
oily in character
soil-resistant and easily cleanable
flame resistant thermal retention
absorbs moisture w/o feeling wet
tweed, flannel, melton
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|
Term
|
Definition
new fiber that has never been proessed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
unused scrap fiber
and fabric accumulated |
|
|
Term
reclaimed recycled or reused wool |
|
Definition
recyled from used wool fabrics |
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Term
|
Definition
produced from felt fibers that are not woven or spun into yarns |
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Term
|
Definition
wool removal from sheep by cutting |
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Term
|
Definition
washing the wool to remove grease, sand, dirt, and grime, by product is lanolin grease used for creams soaps and cosmetics
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Term
|
Definition
combing the wool lo align fibers |
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Term
|
Definition
sorting and classifying wool according to color length type and removing inferior |
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Term
|
Definition
process where wool fabrics are compressed as heat moisture friction and pressure are appplied. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
produced from angora goat, from south africa, u.s., and turkey |
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Term
|
Definition
organic wool feed is organic no synthtic hormones nad genetic engineering no pesticides good farming practices. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
produced from pashmina goat found in china india nepal and new zeland
innercoat down fibers are soft buttery warm and nice draping quality
more chemically sensitive than wool
used for beddings blankets and scarves
pashmina is from northern india kashmir pakistan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
llama and alpaca of camel family of south america
alpaca fibers are soft fine and lustrous llama fibers are coarser
dif to dye compared to other specialty wools often natural colors
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
produced from anfora rabbit europe china chillie us
fiber is fine fluffy soft and slippery does not take dye well |
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|
Term
|
Definition
silk is harvested from cocoons of moths
each cocoon prodcues only about 1,000 yards of fiber
filament fiver elegant sheen rich luster vibrant colors when dyed
labor intensive production
wild moths east oak leaves producing brownish wild silk
cultivated moths eat mulberry leaves prouce white silk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
from wilk silkworms fiber colored yellow, orange, or brown
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
coarser darker than wild silk
cannot be bleached
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Term
|
Definition
resulting from two silkworms spin their cocoons together yarns in irregular diameter w/ a think and thin appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
silk produced after the moths have broken from the cocoon staple fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only natural filament fiber
very fine unique natural luster
good moisture absoption
natually supple good draping qualities
high stretch abraision resistant but sensitive to fading and uv
moderate resistnace to wrinkling
sythetic fibers attempt to approximate silk, blends well w/ some synthetics ( rayon, polyester) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
70 % of texitle sused in the u.x.
percentage of use
48- apparel
40 furnishing
90- floor covering
91- industry
prop can be tailerd to needs
blending of natural an dmunfactured - possible
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
regenerated cellulosics- rayon lycell
derivative cellulosics - acetate triacetate
regenerated protein - azion
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbon
fluoropolymer
lastrille
novoloid
polybenzimadole
saran
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acrylic
aramid
modacrylic
nylon
olefin
polyester
spandex
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
polymeres- long chain molecule is melted and forced thru spinneret
cool air solidified melted polymer into filaments
simpler process and less expensive
high speed spinning
21,000 yards per min.
ex. nylon, olefin, polyester, saran, glass
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
polymer is dissoved in solvent
mixture exturded into atmosphere of warm air
warm air evaporates solvent and hardens the filaments
solvent can be recyled
cross sec usually irregular
acetates, acrylics |
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|
Term
|
Definition
chemical bath
extruded in another chmeical bath
hardens polymers into filaments
rayon acrylic spandex |
|
|
Term
manufactures cellulosic fibers |
|
Definition
manufactured fibers made from natural materials
rayon and acetate come form wood pulp
natural materials are chemically altered to produce derivate cellulose
filament or staple
lyocell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry spinning
luxurious feel appearance
wide range of colors luster
excelent draping softnesss
fast drying
shrink wrinkle and moth resistant
problem gasfastness
heat sensitive
used for apparels cigaretts
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
fist man made fiber dev
artifical silk
maj source of rayon from wood pulp cotton
wet spinning
can resmble cotton linene wool or silk
highly absorbent soft comfortable good drape shrink resistant
easy to dye
poor abrasion and dimensional stability low streght
usually dry cleaned
upholstery slipcovers |
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|
Term
other manufactured cell/protien |
|
Definition
bamboo fiber - like rayon
corn based
soy based
milk based
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
chemically synthesized fibers
acrylic polyester nylon - crude oil
durable dries quickly reistant to chemical and abrasion easy to clean hypolegergenic resistant to moth an dmildew
disadvantages- heat sensitive, static cling, uncofortable in warm humid conditons |
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|
Term
|
Definition
first synthetic fiber - dev us
melt process
womens hosiery
machine washale and durable sheer material
strong lustrous resilient elastic
abrasion resistant
low moisture absorbency
light weight warm
problems - static build up comfort uv protection
carpets curatins upholstery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthetic fibers
melt process
high tensile stregth
resistant to stretchign and shrinking
resistant to most chemicals
quick drying easily washed
wrinkle mildew and abrasion res.
carpets curtains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthetic material
dry spinngin
outstanding moisture wicking and quick drying
flexible aesthetics - look like wool cotton
easily washed retains shape
res. to moths oil an dchem.
dyeable to bright shades
escellent fastness- doesnt fade wear in washing
sup. res. to uv.
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
inorganic fiber
melt process
extruded from molten glass into filament
fireproof barrier
stiff undeyable splinters when cut
interlining b/t cusions and outside cover for uphostery/ bedding
heat sheilds and suits
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
from natural mateials such as sap from rubber tree synthetic
coat fabric as a finish
back for machine made rugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthetic
wet spinning
first manufactured elastic fiber
strong elasti c stregth
resistatnt to degradation compared to rubber
accpts dye well
res to body oils perspiration and cosmetics
usually combine with other fibers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
manufactured synthetcis
high temp and flame res
upholstery carpet
high stiffness
high cost
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
manufactured syn
resilient abrasion res
high flam res
used for hosp. schools
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
syn.
melt process
polypropylene
high abrasion res
low static elecrcicity
moisture and chem res.
used for carpeting
lightest textile fiber
easy to recylce |
|
|
Term
tensile and breaking strength |
|
Definition
measurement of fiber/fabrics ability to resist tearing / breaking when subject to tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ability for fibers to adhere to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amount of stretch or extension that fiver, yarn, or fabric will accept |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prop. bending w/o breaking |
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|
Term
|
Definition
extent to which fiber yarn or fabric retains tis shape size after being sub to wear/ maintance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ability to take up moisture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
ability to transport moisture to the oustide fo fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ability of a fiber or fab to recover from a deformed state to its original state after compression, bedning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
res to moths carpet bettles mold mildew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condition when a fab pulls apart at a seam |
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|
Term
|
Definition
how well fiber retains color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fibers ability to absorb color thru dies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lightness/heaviness fimness/loosness springing/limpness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
springiness or fluffiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formation of tiny balls of fiber on surface of fab caused by fibers entagling w/one another |
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|
Term
|
Definition
any substance natural manufactured w/ high length to width ratio and w/ suitable caracteristics for being processed into a fabric physial and hemical prop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
palnt - cotton, flax
animal- silk wool |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generic term for continous strands of textile fibers filaments or material in a form suitable for weaving knitting
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
staple- short fibers measured in inc. natural fibers of cut manufactured fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long fibers measured in yards silk and manufactured fibers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
two or more sets of yarns interlaced at right angles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intermeshing loops of yarn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
webs of fibers (filaments or staple length that are entagled or layerd the fibers are bonded with adhesives heat but no yarns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
composed of t/ or more layers of fabric or of a fabric and another component yarn fiber film held together by stitchin fusing adhesive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
each warp interlaces w/ each filling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
woven to create raised ribs gen in filling direction
subject to abraision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
t/ or more yarns in warp direction interlaced with one or mare yarns in filling direction
looks flat prob with snaggin adn abraision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pattern of interlacing that create diagonal ridges
can be very durable due to thread count
low thread count causes prob with snagging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warp and filling yarns float over four or more yarns from the oppl direction to form smoth surface
lustrous long floats subj to slippage and abrasion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an irr pattern of interlacing floats of unequal lengths in no discernable pattern pebbly surface texture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an extra set of warp or filling yarns are woven in to give a threee dimesnional fabric
cut or un cut |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surface yarns punched into a ground cloth to form a pile structure can be cut or uncut
most carpet done this way
durability depends on adhesive den
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yarns held together w/ rows of stitching can be warp filling of both but not interlaced not especially durable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mat of fibers held together by mechanical entanglement low durability |
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|
Term
|
Definition
cured/ cleaned/ tanned/colored and finished
expensive
full grain- natural markings not altered
top grain minor corrections
abrasion res. non flammable fewer water born stains
dis. cost can crack stain comfort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fabric as it comes of the loom not processed or finised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
altering of pile surface to create even or uneven surface |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
last for the life of product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
last until the first cleaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
color added to fiber spinning solution manufactured fibers only
pure hole way thru
stain or fade
less color opitons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yarn died prior to fabrication more color options color not all the way thru will stian or bleach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process of coating the underside of fabric to serve as a heat barrier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
textile restricts spread of flame ...or terminating it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amount of flame spread dur test conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
typically a liner used b/t upholstery and the filling
below that prevents spread of flame smoldreing heat back coating can be a heat barrier
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
combusiton that occurs w/o flame that results in smoke toxic gases and heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flamability test
25 ft corridor material mounted on ceiling used to assess flame spread and smoke generation
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fire rating material mounted on floor used for floor finishes flame spread measured rated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
design to simulate exposure of a floor covering to a sm source of ignition tablet place din the mid of carpet char length is measured
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