Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Materials 2
carpet and flooring
165
Architecture
Undergraduate 3
03/20/2012

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Carpets
Definition

continuous product

cover broad expanse

 

Term
rug
Definition
contained pattern with edges and an outside dimension
Term
broad loom carpet
Definition
carpet manufactured in 54" or wider
Term
carpet module/ tile 
Definition
carpet cut up in to tiles 
Term
nylon fiber
Definition

90% of carpets today made of this fiber

absorb little water

stain stays on surface

good abraison resistance

Term
polyester 
Definition

lightest comercial fiber

good soil and water resistant

Term
acrylic 
Definition

feels like wool 

low soiling rate

high static resistant

excellent abraision resistance and color fastness

Term
wool
Definition

ideal standard

good soil resistant

natural flame resistant

not as easy to clean as nylon

used in carpets

Term
cotton/silk/linen
Definition

used in rugs 

absorbs moisture

Term
hemp sisal and jute
Definition

coarse heavy duty

used in rugs and carpets

Term

construction methods

 

Definition

refers to carpet manufacturing process

tufting

weaving

fusion bonding

knitted

hand tufted

needle punched

 

Term
tufted 
Definition

broadloom often made this way

also some carpet tiles

pile is injected onto primary backing then backed w/ add material 

cheaper and faster production than woven

machine made

easy to install

90% of carpets

primary backing is woven or non woven

material where tufts are inserted loops held in place with latex adhesive

2nd backing = stability/strength made of jute or polyproylene

 

Term
pile density
Definition

tufted carpet

amount of pile yarn in an area of carpet fface determined by # size tufts 

Term
guage
Definition

tufted carpet 

spacing of tutfing needles across the width of the carpet

Term
stitches
Definition

number of tufts in the length of the carpet

standard 12 ft

Term
fusion bounded carpet
Definition

thermoplastic process dev. by milken

yarns attached to backing by adhesion 

adhesive applied first then yarns implanted

parallel backing with yarns are cut down middle to make pile

carpet tiles

dimensionaly stable

 

Term
uses of fusion bounding
Definition

acess to floorin g

easy to replace when stained or warn 

moisture barrier prvents spills from penetrating 

Term
pile density
Definition

in fusion bounded carpet

amount of pile yarn in an area of the carpet determined by number/ size of tufts 

Term
ends
Definition

fuision bounded carpet

like gauge

number of yarns width

Term
tufts
Definition

fusion bounded carpet

like stitches

number of tufts length

Term
woven carpet
Definition

traditional method

pile/ backing are integrated dur process

dimensionally stable

<2 % of carpet in us 

primarily used in hospitality

 

Term
velvet carpet
Definition

made on looms but w/o jacquard mechanism 

wide range of pattern snd colors

produces solid color carpets

very soft and plush

Term
wilton carpet
Definition

limited to 5 yarn changes in color

thich dificult to roll up

desired color yarn only brought to the surface when required by the pattern 

used for hotel halls and rooms

Term
axminster carpet
Definition

colors and patterns limitless

colored yarns insterted individually as they are required

high end residential and hospitality

 

Term
woven carpet
Definition
Term
pile density woven carpet
Definition
woven carpet amount of pile yarn in an area
Term
pitch
Definition

woven carpet

like guage num of yarns across 27 in width of carpet

Term
wires or rows 
Definition

woven carpet

 like stitches num of ends per inch down length

Term
hand tuftted carpet
Definition

insert tufts one at a time w/ a gun

cotton canvas backing

made by hand not in parallel rows

wood = most common fiber

back sequired with latex

surface finshed by hand sculpted w/ sheers

unlimited number of yarns, colors, patterns

 

Term
pile types 
Definition

cut

level loop

cut loop

random tip sheared

velvet or plush

saxony

mutilevel loop

frieze

Term
hand knotted 
Definition

turkis knot 

oriental persion knot

Term
oriental rug
Definition

gen term for rugs from iran turkey india china and turkestan

materials wool silk and cotton

name refers to the region

traditional patterns

Term
density factor
Definition

pile weight x 36 / pile height

average pile density weight of pile yarn in carpet face

important factor for the wear installationkm  

Term
physical fiber properties
Definition

properties that can be evaluated by the naked eye or with a microscope

ex. length diameter, color, shape, covering power, hand, drape, luster, etc 

Term
mechanical fiber properties
Definition

the properties that are determined in the lab

abraision resistnace

dimensional stablilty

elastic recovery

elongation

flexibility

resillience 

density

 

Term
chemical fiber properties
Definition

determines how the fiber will react when exposed to substances used in production and cleaning 

absorbency

wicking

electrical conductivity

cheical reactivity

heat conductivity

flamability

Term
enviornmental fiber properties 
Definition

enviornmental conditions  that affect textiles

climate 

microorganisms

insects

sun

 

Term
natural fibers
Definition

come from plants 

animals

mineral sources

Term
man made or manufactured fibers
Definition

artifically made in lab 

derived from natural or syntheic materials

Term
staple
Definition

very short usally measure in centimeteres or inches 

all natural fibers

except silk

 

Term
filament
Definition

long continuous form 

usually measure in meters or yards

all synthetc are filament

but can also be cut into staple

usually stronger than staple

(longer word)

Term
cellulosic fibers
Definition

natural fibers

plants

seed fibers - cotton, kapok, coir

bast fibers- hemp, jute, flax, ramie

leaf fibers- abaca, raffia, sisal, pina

others-bamboo, rattan, cane 

Term
minerals
Definition

metals

asbestos

gold

silver

Term
protein
Definition

animal by product

silk

wool

specialty - alpaca, cashmere, camel, llama, mohair

fur- angora, beaver, chinchilla, fox, mink, sable

plummage - feathers

 

Term

rubber

Definition
rubber from tree sap 
Term
manufactured cellulosic
Definition

man made to represent cellulosic

regenerated cellulosics rayon lycocell

derivative cellulostics acetate, triacetate

regenerated protien fibers - alzon

Term
special application aynthetic
Definition

manufactured fiber

carbon

fluoropoluymer

lastrile

novoloid

polybenzimadole

saran

 

Term
synthetic
Definition

acrylic

aramid

modacrylic

nylon

olefin

polyester

spandex

Term
inorganic fibers 
Definition

metalic

glass

ceramic

Term
cotton
Definition

natural cellulosic fiber

fiber from the seed of a cotton plant

grown in temperate to hot climate w/ adequate rainfall/ irregation

soft and comfortable

staple length .5"-2"

great absobitive quality - rich colors 

relatively resistant to abraison and sunlight 

releases  soil easy

 renweable source 

biodegradable

extensive use of fertilizers and insecticies

uses lg quanites of water an denergy and chemicals to clean / finish fibers

water intesnive crop  requires around 20 in of rain per year.

Term
organic cotton 
Definition

envionrmental friendly no pesticides or fertilizers land where organic practices have been in use for at least 3 yrs

 

Term
transition cotton
Definition
organic farming but not met the 3 yr min
Term
green cotton
Definition
washed w/ mild natural based soap not bleached or treated w/ chemicals natural dyes 
Term
linen and bast fam
Definition

comes from the flax plant

bast fibers come from the outer dege of the stem

 

Term
linen
Definition

smooth crisp and hard but not brittle

vulnerable to abraison and wrinkle prone

dense fiber 

color is not saturated when died

naturally tan/ gray color - can be bleached

resistant alkalis, solvents and high temps

can be dry cleaned or machine washed

Term

retting

 

Definition

linen process 

unusable pulpy parts rott away

stiff parallel fibers are extracted bia dry or wet via chmical or bacterial

Term
scutching 
Definition
crushes the outer covering passed b/t metal rollers 
Term
hackling
Definition
short fibers are removed like combing
Term
spinning 
Definition
combinbining fibers into yarns 
Term
other plant fibers
Definition

grass- woven for mats and wall covering

pina- beddings drapery

abaca banana fam- wall covers rope mats

sisal- floor covers, carpets, mats

raffia- wall covers

bamboo- beddings

rattan- furniture

cane-window blinds and screens

Term
wool 
Definition

prevalant protein fiber from sheep and other animals staple fiber

fibers are naturally crimp wavy springy resilient and durable

oily in character

soil-resistant and easily cleanable

flame resistant thermal retention

absorbs moisture w/o feeling wet

tweed, flannel, melton

 

Term
virgin wool
Definition
new fiber that has never been proessed
Term
reprocessed wool 
Definition

unused scrap fiber 

and fabric accumulated

Term
reclaimed recycled or reused wool 
Definition
recyled from used wool fabrics 
Term
felt
Definition
produced from felt fibers that are not woven or spun into yarns 
Term
shearing
Definition
wool removal from sheep by cutting
Term
scouring
Definition

washing the wool to remove grease, sand, dirt, and grime, by product is lanolin grease used for creams soaps and cosmetics

 

Term
carding
Definition
combing the wool lo align fibers
Term
skirting 
Definition
sorting and classifying wool according to color length type and removing inferior
Term
felting 
Definition
process where wool fabrics are compressed as heat moisture friction and pressure are appplied. 
Term
mohair wool
Definition
produced from angora goat, from south africa, u.s., and turkey
Term
wool marketing
Definition
organic wool feed is organic no synthtic hormones nad genetic engineering no pesticides good farming practices. 
Term
cashmere wool 
Definition

produced from pashmina goat found in china india nepal and new zeland 

innercoat down fibers are soft buttery warm and nice draping quality

more chemically sensitive than wool

used for beddings blankets and scarves

pashmina is from northern india kashmir pakistan 

Term
llama wool 
Definition

llama and alpaca of camel family of south america

alpaca fibers are soft fine and lustrous llama fibers are coarser

dif to dye compared to other specialty wools often natural colors

 

Term

angora wool 

Definition

produced from anfora rabbit europe china chillie us

fiber is fine fluffy soft and slippery does not take dye well 

Term
silk
Definition

silk is harvested from cocoons of moths  

each cocoon prodcues only about 1,000 yards of fiber

filament fiver elegant sheen rich luster vibrant colors when dyed

labor intensive production

wild moths east oak leaves producing brownish wild silk

cultivated moths eat mulberry leaves prouce white silk 

Term
wild silk
Definition

from wilk silkworms fiber colored yellow, orange, or brown

 

Term
tussah silk 
Definition

coarser darker than wild silk

cannot be bleached


Term
dupioni silk
Definition
resulting from two silkworms spin their cocoons together yarns in irregular diameter w/ a think and thin appearance
Term
silk noils
Definition
silk produced after the moths have broken from the cocoon staple fibers
Term
silk fibers
Definition

only natural filament fiber 

very fine unique natural luster

good moisture absoption

natually supple good draping qualities

high stretch abraision resistant but sensitive to fading and uv

moderate resistnace to wrinkling

sythetic fibers attempt to approximate silk, blends well w/ some synthetics ( rayon, polyester)

Term
manufactured fibers
Definition

70 % of texitle sused in the u.x.  

percentage of use 

48- apparel

40 furnishing

90- floor covering

91- industry

prop can be tailerd to needs

blending of natural an dmunfactured - possible


Term
manufactured cellulosic
Definition

regenerated cellulosics- rayon lycell

derivative cellulosics - acetate triacetate

regenerated protein - azion

 

Term
special app synthetic
Definition

carbon

fluoropolymer

lastrille 

novoloid

polybenzimadole

saran

 

Term

synthetic

 

Definition

acrylic

aramid

modacrylic

nylon

olefin

polyester

spandex

 

Term
inorganic fibers
Definition

glass

metallic

ceramic

Term
melt spinning process
Definition

polymeres- long chain molecule is melted and forced thru spinneret

cool air solidified melted polymer into filaments

simpler process and less expensive

high speed spinning 

21,000 yards per min. 

ex. nylon, olefin, polyester, saran, glass

 

Term
dry spinning process
Definition

polymer is dissoved in solvent

mixture exturded into atmosphere of warm air

warm air evaporates solvent and hardens the filaments

solvent can be recyled

cross sec usually irregular 

acetates, acrylics 

Term
wet spinning process
Definition

chemical bath

extruded in another chmeical bath

hardens polymers into filaments

rayon acrylic spandex

Term
manufactures cellulosic fibers
Definition

manufactured fibers made from natural materials

rayon and acetate come form wood pulp

natural materials are chemically altered to produce derivate cellulose

filament or staple

lyocell 

Term
acetate
Definition

dry spinning

luxurious feel appearance

wide range of colors luster

excelent draping softnesss

fast drying 

shrink wrinkle and moth resistant

problem gasfastness

heat sensitive 

used for apparels cigaretts

 

Term
rayon
Definition

fist man made fiber dev

artifical silk

maj source of rayon from wood pulp cotton 

wet spinning

can resmble cotton linene wool or silk 

highly absorbent soft comfortable good drape shrink resistant

easy to dye

poor abrasion and dimensional stability low streght 

usually dry cleaned

upholstery slipcovers

Term
other manufactured cell/protien
Definition

bamboo fiber - like rayon

corn based 

soy based

milk based 

 

Term
synthetic fibers
Definition

chemically synthesized fibers

acrylic polyester nylon - crude oil

durable dries quickly reistant to chemical and abrasion easy to clean hypolegergenic resistant to moth an dmildew

disadvantages- heat sensitive, static cling, uncofortable in warm humid conditons 

Term
nylon 
Definition

first synthetic fiber - dev us

melt process

womens hosiery 

machine washale and durable sheer material

strong lustrous resilient elastic

abrasion resistant

low moisture absorbency

light weight warm

problems - static build up  comfort uv protection

carpets curatins upholstery

Term

polyester

 

Definition

synthetic fibers

melt process

high tensile stregth

resistant to stretchign and shrinking

resistant to most chemicals

quick drying easily washed

wrinkle mildew and abrasion res.

carpets curtains 

Term
acrylic 
Definition

synthetic material

dry spinngin

outstanding moisture wicking and quick drying

flexible aesthetics - look like wool cotton

easily washed retains shape

res. to moths oil an dchem. 

dyeable to bright shades 

escellent fastness- doesnt fade wear in washing

sup. res. to uv. 

 

Term
glass fiber
Definition

 inorganic fiber

melt process

extruded from molten glass into filament 

fireproof barrier

stiff undeyable splinters when cut

interlining b/t cusions and outside cover for uphostery/ bedding 

heat sheilds and suits

 

Term
latex
Definition

from natural mateials such as sap from rubber tree synthetic

coat fabric as a finish

back for machine made rugs 

Term
spandex
Definition

synthetic 

wet spinning

first manufactured elastic fiber 

strong elasti c stregth

resistatnt to degradation compared to rubber

accpts dye well

res to body oils perspiration and cosmetics

usually combine with other fibers

Term
aramid
Definition

manufactured synthetcis

high temp and flame res

upholstery carpet

high stiffness

high cost

 

Term
modacrylic
Definition

manufactured syn

resilient abrasion res

high flam res

used for hosp. schools

 

Term
olefin 
Definition

syn. 

melt process

polypropylene

high abrasion res

low static elecrcicity 

moisture and chem res.

used for carpeting

lightest textile fiber

easy to recylce

Term
tensile and breaking strength
Definition
measurement of fiber/fabrics ability to resist tearing / breaking when subject to tension
Term
abraision res
Definition
rubbing rest. 
Term
cohesiveness
Definition
ability for fibers to adhere to one another
Term
elongation
Definition
amount of stretch or extension that fiver, yarn, or fabric will accept
Term
flexibility 
Definition
prop. bending w/o breaking
Term
dimensional stablilty
Definition
extent to which fiber yarn or fabric retains tis shape size after being sub to wear/ maintance
Term
absorbancy
Definition
ability to take up moisture
Term
wicking
Definition
ability to transport moisture to the oustide fo fiber
Term
density
Definition
weigh to fiber
Term
resiliency 
Definition
ability of a fiber or fab to recover from a deformed state to its original state after compression, bedning 
Term
bio res
Definition
res to moths carpet bettles mold mildew
Term
seam slipage
Definition
condition when a fab pulls apart at a seam 
Term
colorfastness
Definition
how well fiber retains color
Term
dye affinity 
Definition
fibers ability to absorb color thru dies 
Term
luster
Definition
gloss sheen shine 
Term
body 
Definition
lightness/heaviness fimness/loosness springing/limpness
Term
loft
Definition
springiness or fluffiness 
Term
pilling
Definition
formation of tiny balls of fiber on surface of fab caused by fibers entagling w/one another 
Term
fibers
Definition
any substance natural manufactured w/ high length to width ratio and w/ suitable caracteristics for being processed into a fabric physial and hemical prop. 
Term
natural fibers
Definition

palnt - cotton, flax 

animal- silk wool 

Term
yarns
Definition

generic term for continous strands of textile fibers filaments or material in a form suitable for weaving knitting 

 

Term
staple
Definition
 staple- short fibers measured in inc. natural fibers of cut manufactured fibers 
Term
filament
Definition
long fibers measured in yards silk and manufactured fibers
Term
woven 
Definition
two or more sets of yarns interlaced at right angles
Term
knit
Definition
intermeshing loops of yarn
Term
nonwoven
Definition
webs of fibers (filaments or staple length that are entagled or layerd the fibers are bonded with adhesives heat but no yarns
Term
compound
Definition
composed of t/ or more layers of fabric or of a fabric and another component yarn fiber film held together by stitchin fusing adhesive 
Term
woven plain
Definition
each warp interlaces w/ each filling
Term
rib woven 
Definition

woven to create raised ribs gen in filling direction

subject to abraision

Term
basket weave
Definition

t/ or more yarns in warp direction interlaced with one or mare yarns in filling direction 

looks flat prob with snaggin adn abraision 

Term
twill weave
Definition

pattern of interlacing that create diagonal ridges

can be very durable due to thread count

low thread count causes prob with snagging

Term
satin
Definition

warp and filling yarns float over four or more yarns from the oppl direction to form smoth surface

lustrous long floats subj to slippage and abrasion

Term
crepe weave
Definition
an irr pattern of interlacing floats of unequal lengths in no discernable pattern pebbly surface texture. 
Term
pile
Definition

an extra set of warp or filling yarns are woven in to give a threee dimesnional fabric 

cut or un cut 

Term
tufting
Definition

surface yarns punched into a ground cloth to form a pile structure can be cut or uncut 

most carpet done this way

durability depends on adhesive den

 

Term
stitch bonding
Definition
yarns held together w/ rows of stitching can be warp filling of both but not interlaced not especially durable
Term
needle punch
Definition
mat of fibers held together by mechanical entanglement  low durability
Term
leather
Definition

cured/ cleaned/ tanned/colored and finished

expensive

full grain- natural markings not altered

top grain minor corrections

abrasion res. non flammable fewer  water born stains

dis. cost can crack stain comfort

Term
grey goods
Definition
fabric as it comes of the loom not processed or finised
Term
shearing and sculpting 
Definition
altering of pile surface to create even or uneven surface 
Term
converters 
Definition
industrial finishes
Term
permanent finishes
Definition
last for the life of product
Term
durable finishes 
Definition
last for a per. of time
Term
temp finishes
Definition
last until the first cleaning
Term
brushing 
Definition
lifts pile
Term
color leveling 
Definition
univformity of shade
Term
solution dye
Definition

color added to fiber spinning solution manufactured fibers only

pure hole way thru

stain or fade

less color opitons

Term
fibers
Definition
Term
yarn died
Definition
yarn died prior to fabrication more color options color not all the way thru will stian or bleach
Term
back coating 
Definition
process of coating the underside of fabric to serve as a heat barrier
Term
flame res. 
Definition
textile restricts spread of flame ...or terminating it
Term
flamability
Definition
amount of flame spread dur test conditions
Term
heat barrier
Definition

typically a liner used b/t upholstery and the filling 

below that prevents spread of flame smoldreing heat back coating can be a heat barrier

 

Term
smoldering
Definition
combusiton that occurs w/o flame that results in smoke toxic gases and heat
Term
steiner tunnel test
Definition

flamability test 

25 ft corridor material mounted on ceiling used to assess flame spread and smoke generation 

 

Term
chamber test
Definition
fire rating material mounted on floor used for floor finishes flame spread measured rated
Term
methenamine pill test
Definition

design to simulate exposure of a floor covering to a sm source of ignition tablet place din the mid of carpet char length is measured

 

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