Term
| What percentage of cows is culled annually due to mastitis? |
|
Definition
3.6%
avg. 40 cases per 100 cows |
|
|
Term
| What costs are included for cases of mastitis |
|
Definition
vet cost
labour cost
treatment
reduced milk yield
discarded milk |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of pathogens for causing mastitis |
|
Definition
| contagious and environmental |
|
|
Term
| What are the major contagious pathogens causing mastitis |
|
Definition
staph aureus
strep agalactiae
strep dysgalactiae
mycoplasma
Cornyebacterium |
|
|
Term
| What are the main environmental pathogens causing mastitis |
|
Definition
E.coli
strep uberis
other coliforms
|
|
|
Term
| What are the cow factors influencing the incidence of mastitis |
|
Definition
- Anatomy
- Intramammary defence mechanisms
- lactation stage
- Age |
|
|
Term
| What are the natural defence mechansisms in the udder |
|
Definition
1. teat skin- may become compromised
2. teat canal barrier- lined with keratinised epithelium-> secretes keratin into canal after milking to form a seal and prevent bacteria entry ( takes about 30 min to form)
3. genetics- large penduluous udder and cone shaped teats are more prone
4. defences within the udder- lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, inducible ( WBC into the udder) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron binding protein, removes iron from udder secretions to prevent bacteria gaining access to iron for colonisation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme-bacteriostatic on gram + and bacteriocidal on gram - |
|
|
Term
| how much casein is in milk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milk contains how much butterfat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milk contains how much lactose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factors are decreased during mastitis? |
|
Definition
casein, lactose , butterfat
total proteins
ca, phosphorous
total milk yield
taste |
|
|
Term
| Which factors are increased during a mastitis case |
|
Definition
RBC
WBC
NA, CL-
bacteria
ph ( 7)
milk conductivity
plasmin ( degrades casein)
lipase |
|
|
Term
| detection of clinical mastitis |
|
Definition
foremilking
palpation and observation
behaviour of cow ( grade 3)
ambic in line detectors
milk sock/filter at end of milking |
|
|
Term
| detection of subclinical mastitis |
|
Definition
SCC
bactoscan
milk conductivity increases
acute phase proteins ( said to increase 24 hrs before clinical signs appear) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1% epithelial cells
99% WBCs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 point plan to control mastitis |
|
Definition
1. regular milking machine maintenance
2. post milking teat disinfection
3. dry cow therapy
4. prompt treatment and recording of cases
5. culling chronic cases
6. milking routine |
|
|
Term
| where is staph aureus reservoir |
|
Definition
| udder, but can persist on teat skin |
|
|
Term
| what are the three common outcomes for staph aureus infection |
|
Definition
peracute gangrenous mastitis
acute mastitis
chronic mastitis |
|
|
Term
| color of udder secretion for a staph aureus infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of therapy is great for strep.agalactiae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strep dysgalactiae can be a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contaminated water, udderwash, teat dip, dry tubes
blue green in color udder secretions
response to treatment is poor |
|
|
Term
| Where is strep uberis commonly found |
|
Definition
environment, straw yards
widespread on the skin of the cow. there are certain strains that are highly resistant to the the phagocytosis by WBC and develop into chronic reoccurences
|
|
|
Term
| C. Bovis can be a sign of ? |
|
Definition
| poor post milking teat disinfection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have had 3 or more mastitis cases in the same quarter in the same lactation ( or 5 cases in all quarters of the same lactation), over 500,000 cells for 3 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk change only
farmer usually admins tubes
3 consecutive tubes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
milk and udder changes
call vet
might need parentral abs and NSAIDS as well as intrammamary tubes
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
systemic illness
coliforms and staph aureus
prompt treatment |
|
|
Term
| Who commonly has summer mastitis? |
|
Definition
dry cows and heifers
in fields next to woods |
|
|
Term
| who are the major pathogens for summer mastitis |
|
Definition
T.pyogenes, strep dysgalactiae
head fly- mechanical transmission |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for summer mastitis |
|
Definition
parentral ab injection
intramammary ab
NSAIDS
strip udder manually often
remove from cows
keep away from fields
dry cow therapy |
|
|
Term
| Treatment to coliform mastitis |
|
Definition
1. fluid therapy- maintain blood volume
- oral or IV ( isotonic( 10-15L) or hypertonic(3L) saline- jug vein- make cow drink)
2. NSAIDS- reduce temp and pain
3. AB
4. calcium borogluconate- cause can also be hypocalcaemia
5. quarter stripping and oxytocin to allow milk let down more easily
6. TLC |
|
|
Term
| action for high SCC in cows |
|
Definition
cull
treat
early dry cow therapy
milking order
discarding milk |
|
|
Term
| Benefits of a mastitis control program |
|
Definition
it is a herd problem
increase in milk revenue
decreased replacement rate
reduced treatment of clinical cases
lowered costs incorporated in a mastitis case |
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