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| Centromere btw middle and end |
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| location of a gene on a chromosome |
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| prophase>prometaphase>metaphase>anaphase>telophase>cytokenisis |
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Moniters cell size has been acheived'
evaluates condition of DNA |
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moniters DNA replication is complete
moniters DNA damage |
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spindle assembly
kinetochore attachment |
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| Has 2 copies of the chromosomes (2n) |
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| identical chromosome strands joined at the centromere |
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| proteins on chromosome that spindle fibers bind to |
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| Protein that holds sister chromatids together |
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| enzyme that degrade cohesin |
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Protein that protects cohesin
from being degraded by
separase |
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| an error in separating during anaphase |
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| separated sister chromatids |
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| (1n) cell used in reproduction |
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| the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids in prophase 1 of meiosis |
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| point where crossing over happens on the chromosome |
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| in which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes seperate |
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| a pair of sister chromatids |
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| sexual reproduction that involves gametes of similar morphology. Neither male nor female |
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| Advantages of Medal's pea plants? |
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Definition
1. It existed in several varieties with
distinct characteristics
2. Its structure allowed for easy
crosses where the parents could
be controlled |
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| Always same phenotype (most likely homo) |
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| looking at large amounts of date to find empirical rules |
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| Mendel’s Law of Segregation |
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Definition
1. 2 hereditary factors, one from each parent
2.factors may be same or different
3.one trait recessive, one dominant
4.half gamates have one factor and the other have the other randomly |
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| non-homologous chromosomes assort randomly and have no influence on each other. |
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| 2 different versions of the same gene |
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| specific allelic composition of an individual |
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| cross between an organism with an unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a recessive organism to get a |
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| calculates the likelihood that unordered events will occur |
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| tests the "goodness of fit" of you data |
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Assumes data will fit an expected ratio
No real difference between predicted and obtained values |
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| Low chi square values mean |
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Definition
| high chance deviations are due to random chance |
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| high chi square values mean |
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Definition
| low chance deviations are due to random chance (bad fit) |
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| If probability is below 0.05 |
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Definition
| null hypothesis is rejected |
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| # of times an event occurs/total # of events |
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| Deviation btw observed and expected |
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