Term
| List the 2 main groups of mechanisms of enzyme regulators. Indicate which group typically has a faster impact on enzymatic activity. |
|
Definition
Synthesis/degradation of enzymes;
Direct interactions- these have a faster impact on enzymatic activity |
|
|
Term
| Define metabolic regulation. Define metabolic control. |
|
Definition
reg: regulatory process that maintain homeostasis at the molecular level
con: regulatory processes that change/control flux through a pathway or group of pathways |
|
|
Term
| Which enzymatic steps are typically points of regulation in metabolism? What cofactor is often used in these enzymatic steps? |
|
Definition
| Reactions that are far from equilibrium; ATP |
|
|
Term
| Define monosaccharides and polysaccharides. |
|
Definition
Mono: single polyhydroxyl aldehyde or ketone unit
Poly: a polymer of 20 or more monosaccharides |
|
|
Term
| List 3 types of eukaryotic glycoconjugates. |
|
Definition
Proteoglycan
Glycoprotein
Glycolipids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein that binds a carbohydrate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process of deriving energy from the degradation of organic compounds, where the final electron acceptor is an organic compound, not O2. |
|
|
Term
| What are the phases of glycolysis? How many ATP are consume or produced in each phase? |
|
Definition
Preparatory phase: consumes 2 ATP
Payoff phase: pays off 4 ATP |
|
|
Term
| What is the fate of pyruvate in an anaerobic yeast cell? In an anaerobic muscle cell? |
|
Definition
Yeast: 2 ethanol and 2 CO2
Muscle: 2 lactate |
|
|
Term
| What molecular interactions must often dictate specificity or carbohydrate binding in a protein? |
|
Definition
| Hydrophobic, ionic, and H-bonds |
|
|
Term
| What is the left sugar? What monosaccharides is it made of? Why is it more stable than the right sugar? |
|
Definition
| Sucrose; it is made from glucose and fructose; it's not a reducing sugar |
|
|
Term
| Which step(s) in a pathway are typically regulated and why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why doesn't hexokinase commit glucose to glycolysis? What does it commit glucose to? |
|
Definition
| It is used in other pathways, glucose 6-phosphate feeds into other pathways as well, it keeps it in the cell |
|
|
