Term
Name the types of RNA involved in the following uses of RNA:
Protein synthesis, RNA processing, Regulation, Recombination, Storage of hereditary info, Energy transductions |
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Definition
Protein synthesis- mRNA, tRNA, rRNA;
RNA processing- introns, snRNAs, snoRNAs;
Regulation- riboswitches, mRNA;
Recombination- retrotransposons, group II introns;
Storage- RNA viruses;
Energy Transductions- ATP, NADH |
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Term
| What catalytic configuration does RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase have in common? |
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Definition
| 3 aspartic acid (D) coordinating two Mg2+ |
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Term
| Define promotor. What subunit of RNA pol has multiple versions and what are their function? |
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Definition
specific DNA sequences that direct the transcription of adjacent/nearby genes;
Sigma subunits have multiple versions and they direct the RNA pol to bind to specific promoters |
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Term
| List the ways that transcribed RNA can be modified. |
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Definition
| 5' capping, splicing of introns, 3' cleavage, 3' polyadenylation, nucleotide insertions, nucleotide modifications |
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Term
| List the classes of introns. Identify what catalyzes it splicing. Identify which domains of life they are found in. |
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Definition
Group I- self-catalytic, all domains
Group II- self-catalytic, all domains
class III- spliceosome, eukaryotes
class IV- endonuclease, all domains |
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Term
| List the 7 points of regulation of protein gene-products. Circle the most important. |
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Definition
| Transcription- most important, postranscriptional processing, mRNA degradation, translation, posttranslational processing, protein degradation, protein targeting and transport |
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Term
Define the following terms:
Transcription factor, Specificity factor, operon, Regulon |
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Definition
TF- protein that binds specific DNA sequences & alters transcription
SF- TF that alters specificity of RNA pol for a promoter
Operon- a promoter, associated DNA binding sites, and genes under their control
Regulon- a group of operons under regulatory control of TFs |
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Term
| List the two types of gene regulation. Which one typically overrides the other? Which one predominates in bacteria? Which one predominates in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
Negative and positive regulation. Negative typically overrides positives.
Negative in bacteria, positive in eukarytoes. |
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Term
| What is the genetic code? What physically defines or implements the genetic code? |
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Definition
| A mapping or translation of the 64 codons to the 20 amino acids. The anticodon of each tRNA and the substrate specificity of each aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. |
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Term
| List and describe the 2 hypotheses Francis Crick proposed that are related to tRNA? |
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Definition
Adaptor hypothesis- adaptor molecule b/w DNA and amino acid
Wobble hypothesis- last base of anticodon can allow imperfect base-pairing with codon |
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