Term
| Which of the following crosses between four o’clock plants could produce progeny plants with green leaves? |
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Definition
green (female) x white (male)
variegated (female) x variegated (male)
variegated (female) x white (male)
In four o’clock plants, chloroplasts are inherited only from the female parent. Therefore, the leaf phenotype of the progeny plants depends only on the type of chloroplasts the female parent has; the male plant does not contribute to leaf phenotype. |
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Term
| In 4oclock plants How do you know who is the mother if a green and a white plant are crossed? |
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Definition
| Only the female contributes chloroplasts te the progeny plants. Whoever has white leaves is the mother |
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Term
| If a varigated plant is crossed with a green pland and one offsrping is is varigates or white |
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Definition
| the varigated was the female |
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Term
| If a varigated pant is crossed with a white plant and one offspring has white leaves? |
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Definition
| YOu cannot determine who was the mother because both white femals and varigated females can produce white offspring |
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Term
| If a varigated female 4oclock is crossed with any male plant, the progeny can be any color. Explain this result |
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Definition
1)leaf phenotype is determined by the number of normal or mutant chloroplasts inherited from the female parent
2)the female plant prduces some gamates that are heteroplasmic
3) the female plant produced some gametes that are homoplasmic |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenotypic effects in offspring attributable to genetic information in the oocyte derived from the maternal genome. |
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Term
| How are mitochondrial genes similar to bacterial genes? |
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Definition
| Mitochondrial genes are similar to bacterial genes in structure. |
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Term
| difference btw cpDNA and Mitochondrial DNA? |
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Definition
| mtDNA is generally larger than cpDNA. |
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Term
| Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is caused by a mutation in the mitochondrial gene encoding NADH dehydrogenase. The trait exhibits cytoplasmic inheritance and is passed along maternal lines. Often, however, both parents of an affected individual are phenotypically normal, and there is no family history of the disease. What is the most likely explanation for this observation? |
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Definition
A new mutation arose in the mitochondrial genome.
Although incomplete penetrance is something to consider when an individual does not exhibit the predicted phenotypic trait for a given genotype, both parents have the wild‑type phenotype and genotype. |
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Term
| In corn, white striped leaves can be produced by either a chloroplast mutation or a homozygous recessive nuclear gene. When a white striped plant is crossed with pollen from a true-breeding green plant, what progeny would be produced in the two possibilities? |
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Definition
| The chloroplast mutation will produce striped, green and white plants, but the nuclear gene mutation will only produce green plants. |
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Term
| What is responsible for the petite phenotype? |
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Definition
| The lack of functional mitochondria means a deficiency in cell respiration involving electron transport. |
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Term
| Who proposed the endosymbiotic theory? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are bacterial antibiotics effective against organelle-encoded genes but not nuclear-encoded genes? |
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Definition
| Organellar protein translation is similar to bacterial translation and different from that used by nuclear- encoded genes. |
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Term
| In Drosophila, the autosomal grandchildless gene (gs) exhibits a maternal effect phenotype. Females who are homozygous recessive for gs have eggs that will not allow the embryo to develop gonads and so, are sterile. What is the result of a cross of a gs+/gs female by a gs/gs male? |
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Definition
| All progeny are fertile, but one-half of the female progeny will produce all sterile offspring. |
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