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| Nucleotides consist of three components |
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Definition
| a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base attached to the sugar’s 1'-carbon, and a phosphate group attached to the sugar’s 5'-carbon. |
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| three main differences between DNA and RNA. |
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Definition
Uracil in RNA replaces thymine in DNA.
RNA often occurs as both single- and partially double-stranded forms, whereas DNA most often occurs in a double- stranded form.
Ribose in RNA replaces deoxyribose in DNA. |
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| Functions of ribosomal RNA |
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Definition
Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds btw amino acids
a structural part of the enzyme responsible for tanslation |
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Definition
Carries info from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
sequence specifies the order of the amino acids in a protein |
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acts as the link btw codons and amino acids
has a cloverleaf secondary structure |
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| What is the relationship between DNA molecule size and the rate of migration through a gel? |
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| Shorter DNA molecules migrate at a faster rate than longer DNA molecules. |
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| What is the relationship between acrylamide concentration (percentage acrylamide of the gel) and resolving different size DNA molecules? |
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Definition
| Higher percentage gels resolve shorter DNA molecules; lower percentage gels resolve longer DNA molecules. |
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| Which gel should you use to separate the short (200-400 bp) DNA molecules from a pool of longer molecules in the 10,000-20,000 nucleotide range? |
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| 3 characteristics of genetic material |
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Definition
It contains all the information needed for growth, development, and reproduction of the organism.
It must be capable of change.
It must be replicated accurately. |
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| The classic Hershey and Chase (1952) experiment that offered evidence in support of DNA being the genetic material in bacteriophages made use of which of the following labeled component(s)? |
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| In the classic experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase, why was the pellet radioactive in the centrifuge tube that contained bacteria with viruses? |
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Definition
| The bacteria were in the pellet, and many contained the radioactive viral DNA. |
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| What observation did Griffith make in his experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae? |
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Definition
| The mouse did not survive when injected with a mixture of live, avirulent (rough) Streptococcus pneumoniae and heat-killed, virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae. |
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| What results did Avery, McLeod, and McCarty obtain in their experiments with virulent bacteria? |
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Definition
| DNase destroyed the transforming activity. |
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| Why did Hershey and Chase use the isotopes 32P and 35S in their experiments? |
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Definition
32P labeled DNA only; 35S labeled protein only
This specific labeling allowed Hershey and Chase to identify which molecule entered the host cell upon infection. |
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| Mouse dies; the s strain is virulent |
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| Mice live; heat killing makes s strain non virulent |
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| heat killed s strain with living R strain? |
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| Mice die; a transformation factor from the heat killed s- strain made the r strain virulent |
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| Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme found in association with retroviral activity. It has the property of ________. |
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Definition
| synthesis of DNA from an RNA template |
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| The basic structure of a nucleotide includes ________. |
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Definition
| base, sugar, and phosphate |
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| Regarding the structure of DNA, the covalently arranged combination of a deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base would be called a(n) ________. |
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| Considering the structure of double-stranded DNA, which kind(s) of bonds hold one complementary strand to the other? |
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| If 15% of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine, what percentage should be cytosine? |
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In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA to see which bases are equivalent in concentration, which of the following would be true?
1 A + T = G + C
2 A = C
3 A + C = G + T
4 A = G and C = T
5 A = G and C = T and A + C = G + T are both true. |
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[image]
is the circle closer to the 5' end or the 3' end? |
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| Watson and Crick used information from several individuals to construct their model of DNA. Whose X-ray diffraction studies were critical to their work? |
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| Which technique can be used to identify the location of genes on a chromosome? |
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Definition
FISH
Fluorescent in situ hybridization is a technique used to identify the location of a gene or a specific DNA sequence on a chromosome. The technique involves hybridizing single-stranded DNA probes, labeled with a fluorescent dye, to their complementary DNA strand in the genome. Their location on the chromosome can be viewed under a fluorescent microscope. |
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