Term
| A good example of Episodic Framing? |
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Definition
| McDonalds Coffee Spilling Tort |
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Term
| What does the pervasiveness of the media in our lives guarantee? |
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Definition
| The media play a major role in presidential elections, but what that role entails exactly, is not clear. |
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Term
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Definition
The media influence the selection of the candidate.
The candidate has to televise well.
And the "diversification" of made for media campaigns. |
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Term
| What is still a primary source of news? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the consequences of the new, high-choice media environment? |
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Definition
| Partisan Selective Exposure (another media effect, in addition to agenda-setting, priming, framing). (Fox News and MSNBC) (Different portrayals of the candidates) |
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Term
| What comes in second as a source for election information? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Incumbent Advantage. Viability. Familiarity. "Good Story". |
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Term
| The use of stereotype in news |
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Definition
| To conserve time, television newscasters create stereotypes early in the campaign and then build their stories around these stereotypes by merely adding new details to the established image. Once established stereotypes stubbornly resist change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Same candidate picture across the board (homogeneity of coverage), Candidate Qualifications (Character, (Trustworthiness), Qualifications for office (leadership, compassion)) Overall negative/critical tone (of highly accomplished individuals) |
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Term
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Definition
| Horserace coverage is what causes the difference. Almost all the difference in the tone of coverage between the candidates came in stories that focused on strategy, tactics and polls-not policy or public record. |
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Term
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Definition
| Newsworthiness standards -> coverage of campaign events rather than issues. Does not reflect intrinsic values of these two. |
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Term
| What do people learn from Campaign Coverage? |
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Definition
| Not very much because people cannot recall it. Online processing. Cognitive Dissonance or Consonance. |
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Term
| When do vote changes typically happen? |
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Definition
| Vote Changes are most likely when are ambivalent about their own attitudes and pay close attention to the campaign. |
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Term
| When are messages potent? |
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Definition
| Messages are most potent when something unprecedented or unanticipated happens (major foreign policy crises, corruption, scandal) but also social setting where a change in vote is not seen as deviant behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| But there are theories that the media affect turnout |
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Definition
| And because small percentages voters can affect election outcomes, this is no small issue. |
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Term
| Election results premature? |
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Definition
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Term
| Johnston, Hagan, and Jamieson believe |
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Definition
| Ads and News: The campaign as natural experiment" |
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Term
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Definition
'what' or contents of online campaigns
'why' in terms of explaining the adoption of the new digital tools.
'so what' (voter effects) |
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Term
| In a campaign message that will reach all voters, candidates may prefer to make _____ ______ that will alienate the smallest share of the population. |
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Definition
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Term
| When _____ can be hidden from all but the intended recipients, candidates might craft messages that are more pointed and perhaps more effective |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Is the internet an essentially leveling communication tool in that it elevates the profile of the smaller and more marginalized players in the political system? Or one that simply reinforces existing power and participatory biases? |
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Term
| What is theoretical perspective? |
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Definition
| Formal hierarchies are challenged. "Organizing people without organizations". Ordinary people challenge the monopoly of cultural institutions, such as the Catholic Church and traditional media organizations. |
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Term
| Darker side of internet's impact? |
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Definition
| Censoring, surveillance and propaganda. VIA data-mining, surveillance and targeting of voters. |
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Term
| _____ and _____ might have a larger 'reach' than older media because they are always on |
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Definition
| Facebook Twitter. Online political jokes from emails or meme, mobile phones, blogs, etc constitute a small but meaningful new political acts that may energize the previously inactive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Web campaigns might be a proxy for intangible candidate or campaign stuff quality, etc. How would this affect the research findings? |
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Term
| There are methodological problems |
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Definition
| Two-step mobilization effect: campaigns sites activate the activists, who then mobilize their offline networks this would require a different kind of measurement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Limited data and evidence. Some evidence that Dean and Obama managed to recruit online. People don't really go to candidate sites. And the web fails to engaged the disengaged. |
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Term
| The future direction of ____ _____ towards a more 'managed' data-driven process or a more open 'self-seeding' model in which supporters use social media tools to run campaigns at the local level is not as yet clear. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pariser addresses two dominant theories about the Web and US Democracy: |
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Definition
| Democratic potential of internet and undemocratic potential of internet. |
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Term
| Democratic Potential of Internet |
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Definition
| Power to access information. Flatten society. Unseat elites (incl. Gatekeepers). Increase transparency and accountability. MoveOn.org-strength (power) in numbers |
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Term
| Undemocratic Potential of the Internet |
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Definition
| Lack of exposure to ideas that change one's viewpoint. This is happening without "fanfare" or notice (the filter bubble is invisible). Unlike media choice (liberal or conservative) you are not making a choice. |
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Term
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Definition
| It might be increasingly difficult for people to solve problems that society faces together. |
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Term
| Hindman, Web is good for? |
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Definition
| Activism (Skeptics and enthusiasts agree) |
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Term
| Theories of ______, suggest that it is the smallest, not the largest sites that matter |
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Definition
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Term
| If we want to understand web effects we have to look at |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperlinking tells us what? |
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Definition
| It tells us about openness and information flow and consumption (web traffic) |
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Term
| The internet's architecture is not fixed and attempts by commercial and security interests threatens the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Links between sites obey strong statistical regularities |
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Definition
| Distribution of links within each community follow a power law distribution (small N of sites gets large number of in and outbound links) |
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Term
| What does the number of links determine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does powerlaw distributions generate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Government by a small group of people |
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Term
| What does this tell us about power insofar as politics is the struggle over power? |
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Definition
| Mobilization at the grassroots level is fundamental to democratic politics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persuasive processes as integrally based on an individual's expected preference for cognitive balance. |
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Term
| Examples of Adversarial Journalism? |
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Definition
| Watergate, Clinton, Vietnam, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indexing describes the press' reliance on elites. Or, more precisely indexing relies on the press' reliance on elite disagreements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indexing fails when there is a lack of divergent options. |
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Term
| Rationale of "pre-emptive war" rested on two premises |
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Definition
| The regime of Saddam had the capacity to cause mass destruction in the US and the regime had collaborated with Al Qaeda. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Guardian Newspaper. Reluctant Warrior. |
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Term
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Definition
| You need the media...you cannot wage war without the media |
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Term
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Definition
| "Good for war effort". They provide often dramatic close ups of troops. Not a single report showed people getting killed by American soldiers. |
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Term
| By covering male and female candidates differently |
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Definition
| The news media may influence the success of female candidates for public office. |
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Term
| How does invisibility matter? |
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Definition
| Campbell argues that invisibility contributes to marginalization. Marginalization, combined with the occasional story that reflects traditional racist assumptions of people of color, makes for a really skewed portrayal of minorities. |
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Term
| Experimental Research has shown to be |
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Definition
| Not shown selective exposure to be consistently the case but some evidence for sel exposure, but not avoidance. |
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Term
| What is the first step in figuring out media effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What effects does the change in news viewing have on politics? |
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Definition
| We know the media have an effect on the political knowledge, opinion and behavior of Americans, hence we ought to pay attention to changes in the media environment. |
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Term
| Two examples of how media environment affects politics. |
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Definition
| People don't voluntarily watch the news. People don't turn out to vote unless they are reminded. |
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Term
| Why such a lack of awareness? |
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Definition
| Dominant group members usually lack sensitive to racism in everyday life. They have little understanding of the problem because they are not confronted, on a regular basis, with critical views of race and ethnic relations. |
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