Term
| administered distribution |
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Definition
| the distribution of products from a smaller independent label is handled by one of the major labels |
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Term
| backward vertical integration |
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Definition
| a retail company develops its own in-house manufacturing facilities for products sold in its stores |
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Term
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Definition
a statement usually found near the conclusion of a commercial message that summons the consumer to act
ex: "call today" "watch at 11" |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly known as middlemen; involved in the intermediate steps of distribution between the manufacturer and the retailer |
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Term
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Definition
| various methods of distributing and ultimately delivering products to the consumer |
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Term
| competition-based pricing |
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Definition
| attempts to set prices based on those charged by the company's competitors |
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Term
| contractual distribution systems |
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Definition
| arrangements for distribution are made between an independent manufacturer and an independent distributor; usually involves a contract |
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Term
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Definition
| using the buyer's perceptions of value to determine the retail price, a reversal from the cost-plus approach |
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Term
| corporate systems of distribution |
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Definition
| a manufacturer handles its distribution internally |
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Term
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Definition
| determining retail price based on the cost of product development and manufacturing, marketing and distribution, and company overhead, and then adding desired profit |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the use of an invention or product is spread within a market group, over time and over various categories of adopters |
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Term
| forward vertical integration |
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Definition
| manufacturer buys or develops means of distribution or retailing |
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Term
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Definition
| of, or relating to, or marked by pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| first two steps of the SWOT analysis whereby the internal strengths and weakness of the organization are analyzed |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of time and effort a buyer invests in the search, evaluation and decision processes of consumer behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| featuring of items priced below cost or relatively low prices to attract customers to the retail store |
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Term
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Definition
| performance of business activities that direct the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer; involves satisfying customer needs or desires |
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Term
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Definition
| blend of product, distribution, promotion and pricing strategies designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with the target market |
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Term
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Definition
| price, product, placement, promotion |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of 2+ sellers agreeing on the price to charge for similar products (illegal) |
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Term
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Definition
| group of products that are homogenous or generally considered as substitutes for each other |
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Term
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Definition
| products of the same form make up a group within a product class |
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Term
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Definition
| the course that a product's sales and profits take over what is referred to as the lifetime of the product |
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Term
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Definition
| customer's perception of a product in comparison with the competition's product |
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Term
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Definition
| company directs its marketing activities toward the final consumer, creating a demand for the product that will ultimately be fulfilled as requests for product are made from the consumer |
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Term
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Definition
| pushing the product through the distribution channel to its final destination through incentives aimed at retail and distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| systemic collection and study of past and present data to identify trends, forces, and conditions with the potential to influence the performance of the business and the choice of appropriate strategies |
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Term
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Definition
| strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats; examination of both the internal factors (S&W) and external factors (O&R) |
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Term
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Definition
| fees paid by manufacturers to have their products made available in retail stores; fees guarantee product will be stocked on the shelves for the specified period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| merger of firms at different stages of production and/or distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| area of dominant influence |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings, emotions, moods |
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Term
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Definition
| based on actual customer behavior toward products |
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Term
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Definition
| mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering |
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Term
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Definition
| represents intention, behavior and action |
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Term
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Definition
| dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behavior, and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives |
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Term
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Definition
| parcels of text sent by a server to a web browser and then sent back unchanged by the browser each time it accesses that server; main purpose=identify users and possibly prepare customized web pages for them |
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Term
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Definition
| designated marketing area; geographic area surrounding a city in which the broadcasting stations based in that city account for a greater share of the listening or viewing households than do broadcasting stations based in nearby cities |
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Term
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Definition
| dividing the market into different geographical units such as town, cities, states, regions, and countries; may also be segmented depending upon population density such as urban, suburban or rural |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of time and effort a consumer invests in the search, evaluation and decision process of consumer behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of all actual and potential buyers of a product; includes anyone who has an interest in the product and has the ability and willingness to buy |
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Term
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Definition
| process of dividing a large market into smaller segments of consumers that are similar in characteristics, behavior, wants or needs; resulting segments are homogenous with respect to characteristics that are most vital to the marketing efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| people born between 1982 and 1995; aka "net generation" because they grew up with the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| basic measurable characteristics of individual consumers and groups such as age, gender, ethnic background, education, income, occupation and marital status |
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Term
| psychographic segmentation |
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Definition
| dividing customers into groups based upon lifestyles, personality, opinions, motives or interests |
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Term
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Definition
| set of buyers who share common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve |
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Term
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Definition
| consumer's relationship with the product and brand; involves level of loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of data collected from a website to determine which aspects of the web site work toward the business objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| web usage mining is the application that uses data mining to analyze and discover interesting patterns of user's usage data on the web; usage data records the user's behavior when the user browses or makes transactions on the website |
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Term
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Definition
| Bertelsmann Music Group; one of the major labels, now in partnership with Sony |
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Term
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Definition
| older album releases that still have some sales potential |
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Term
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Definition
| released for over 18mo. but less than 36mo. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sales of records that have been in the marketplace for over 18mo. |
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Term
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Definition
| monetary worth of a stated quantity of shipped product multiplied by the manufactrurers suggested retail price of a single unit; given in US dollars |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrical and Mechanical Industries; one of the major labels |
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Term
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Definition
| scale of measurement that varies logarithmically with the quantity being measured; constant ratio scale in which equal distances on the scale represent equal ratios of increase; method of displaying data in powers of 10 to yield maximum range while keeping resolution at the low end of the scale |
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Term
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Definition
| brand's share of the total sales of all products within the product category in which the brand competes; market share is determined by dividing a brand's sales volume by the total category volume |
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Term
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Definition
| electronic file swapping systems that allow users to share files, computing capabilites, networks, bandwidth, and storage |
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Term
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Definition
| any variety of delivery system on which prerecorded music is stored; various music storage/delivery mediums include the full-length CD album, CD single, cassette album or single, vinyl album or single, mini-disc, dual-disc, DVD-audio, DVD, or VHS music video |
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Term
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Definition
| consumers replacing obsolete collections of vinyl records an cassettes with a newer compact disc format |
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Term
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Definition
| Sony Music Entertainment, one of the major labels; SME purchased the music division BMG from Bertelsmann AG |
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Term
| track equivalent albums (TEA) |
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Definition
| ten track downloads are counted as a single album; total sales of all downloaded singles are divided by 10 and the resulting figure is added to album downloads and physical album units to give a total picture of album sales; implemented to be able to compare current unit sales with sales prior to digital track downloads, when the industry was almost exclusively album-oriented |
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Term
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Definition
| Universal Music Group, one of the major labels |
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Term
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Definition
| quantity of product delivered by a recording manufacturer to retailers, record clubs, and direct and special markets, minus any returns for credit on unsold product |
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Term
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Definition
| Warner, Elektra, Atlantic; distribution arm of Warner Music Group |
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Term
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Definition
| Warner Music Group, one of the major labels |
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Term
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Definition
| process of identifying and assigning a numerical score or other character symbol to previously edited data |
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Term
| comma separated values (CSV) |
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Definition
| file format used for the digital storage of data structured in a table of lists form, where each associated item/member in a group is in association with others also separated by the commas of its set; often used for moving tabular data between two different computer programs |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluating ideas by providing an early indicator of the merits of an idea prior to the commitment of resources to development and manufacturing |
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Term
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Definition
research that is tailored, proprietary, initiated by a company, and often specific to a particular product developed by that company
ex: product surveys, focus groups, customer satisfaction surveys, personal interviews |
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Term
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Definition
| application of logic to the data, looking for systematic patterns and details that will answer research questions |
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Term
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Definition
| research designed to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
| form of research in which conditions are controlled so that an independent variable can be manipulated to test a hypothesis about a dependent variable |
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Term
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Definition
| bulleted-list summary of the highlights of the findings designed to be read by the people who need to know the main points but do not have time to read through the report to find them |
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Term
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Definition
| initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| unstructured, free-flowing group interviews designed to gain a deeper understanding of consumer feelings, beliefs and attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| data collection form, such as a questionnaire or other measuring device |
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Term
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Definition
| statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results; larger MOE=less faith that the results are close to the true figures for the whole population |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific situation facing a company |
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Term
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Definition
| any series of items on a survey that have been scientifically designed to measure or test a concept |
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Term
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Definition
| oral presentation or written statement of research results, strategic recommendations, and/or other conclusions given to the marketing client |
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Term
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Definition
| small representative subsection of the market segment used as a basis for analysis in research |
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Term
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Definition
| procedure by which a particular sample is chosen from a population |
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Term
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Definition
| actual set of units from which a sample has been drawn |
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Term
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Definition
| going over data that was previously collected, described or analyzed for a related project other than this one at hand |
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Term
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Definition
gathering of continuous or periodic information that is sold in standardized form to all companies involved in the industry
ex: Arbitron, Nielsen, BDS, SoundScan |
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Term
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Definition
| application and combination of several research methodologies in the study of the same phenomenon |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a scale to measure what is intended to be measured |
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Term
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Definition
| something that can be changed such as a characteristic or value |
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Term
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Definition
| monies fronted to artists to assist them with living expenses |
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Term
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Definition
| level of sales or production at which the total costs and total revenue of a business are equal |
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Term
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Definition
| wholesale price, or dollar figure set by the distribution company that sells the product |
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Term
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Definition
| allows web visitors to click on a link or object for immediate purchase |
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Term
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Definition
| CDs and other recorded music products that fail to sell at retail and are returned to the distributor for a refund |
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Term
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Definition
| percent of inventory shipped to the marketplace that has already been sold |
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Term
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Definition
| marketing term for the practice of suggesting higher priced products or services to a customer who is considering a purchase |
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Term
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Definition
| portable chunk of code that can be installed an executed within any separate HTML-based web page by an end user without requiring additional editing or knowledge of HTML programming |
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