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Transmitting, receiving, and processing information |
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The person(s) attempting to deliver a message or idea |
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The verbal (words, sounds) and nonverbal (gestures, facial expressions, posture) cues that the sender utilizes in dispatching a message |
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All of the items that carry a message from the sender to the receiver |
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When the receiver employs any of his or her senses (hear, seeing, feeling) in an attempt to capture a message |
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The intended audience for a message |
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Anything that distorts or disrupts a message |
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Exists when consumers are exposed to hundreds of marketing messages per day, and most are tuned out |
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Information the sender obtains from the receiver regarding the receiver's perception or interpretation of a message |
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Integrated Marketing Communications (IMCs) |
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The coordination and integration of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximizes the impact on customers and other end users at minimal cost. This affects all of a firm's business-to-business, marketing channel, customer-focused, and internally oriented communications |
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Consists of products, prices, places (the distribution system), and promotions |
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Occurs when there is the perception that most products and services are essentially the same |
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The places where customers interact with or acquire additional information about a firm |
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When a firm standardizes its products and market offerings across countries with the goal of generating economies of scale in production while using the same promotional theme |
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Occurs when products and marketing messages are designed for and adapted to individual countries |
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