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Definition
| the scientific study of organisms that live in the sea |
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Definition
1) food
2) medicine
3) weather
4) origins
5) monotor pollution
6) any dying out organisms |
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| Oceanography includes what 4 sciences? |
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Definition
1) geology
2) chemistry
3) physics
4) biology |
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1831-1836;
Darwin sailed around the world on it in 5 years.
Mission of the it was to map the coast line. |
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1840s-1850s;
Carried out extensive dreadging of the sea floor.
Found new organisms.
Founded the Azoic Theory. |
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Definition
Founded by Edward Forbes;
The deeper you go the less organisms you find and finally there are no more. |
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| Cat Wyville Thompson; 1st oceangraphic Vessel (studying the ocean) |
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| What did the challenger discover? |
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Definition
1) midocean ridge system
2) found new specim |
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Definition
1940; Sound Navigation and Ranging;
Sonar is bades on the detection for under water echos.
Submarine warfare promitited it. |
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1945; Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus;
Coustoaw discovered it. |
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Definition
| Research Vessel; Floating Instromental Platform |
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Definition
| Submarine; man made submarine |
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Definition
| remotely operated vehicles; deep control from surface |
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Definition
| definding location when looking for a vent |
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Definition
1) GPS
2) Find Storms
3) Measure Phitoplankton growth |
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| 100% atmoshpers is composed of? |
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Definition
78%-nitrogen
21%-oxygen
.5%-everthing else |
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Definition
| 1925-1927; used and echo sounder ofSONAR |
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| 8% of the total surface of the world's oran depth... |
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Definition
| the most productive part of the ocean run off caries nitrogen; shallower-nutrients stireed by waves (storms & tides) |
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Definition
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Definition
1) due to turbidity currents (underwater avalanche of sediment)
2) atone time rivers that now have been drowned |
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Definition
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Term
Marginal Seas
Formed where? |
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Definition
seperated from the oceans;
1) behind island arces
2) between continental blocks
3) at a spreading zone |
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Term
Behind Island arces
Marginal Seas |
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Definition
| convergent; ex. Sea of Japan, subduction zone, Berring Sea |
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Between Continental Blocks
Marginal Seas |
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Definition
| convergent; Med. Sea, Black Sea, Gulf of Mexico |
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Term
At a spreading zone
marginal seas |
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Definition
| divergent; ex. Red Sea, Gulf of California |
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| Characteristics of Marginal Seas |
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Definition
1) more changable weather
2) some freeze over (Ojhotsk)
3) strong evap. (Red Sea, Med. Sea)
4) affect land masses (gulf affecting Fl, GA) |
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Term
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Definition
were slope and shelf meet about 800ft;
formed when the earth had its lowest sea level;
widest is Arctic |
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Definition
| land equivalent of the shelf ends at the fall line |
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Term
Slope:
How steep is the slope?
why is the slope imp? |
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Definition
steep: 4 degrees
imp: it collects sediment (great place to find oil) |
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Term
| The rise at the base of the slope is formed from? |
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Definition
| were the sediemnt has slid of the slope; it flattens out; ex. abbisial hills |
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Term
Where are sediment found?
shelf, slope & rise, plains |
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Definition
shelf: 33%
slope % rise: 45% (it is a break so it catches)
plains: 22% |
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| More sediment on ocean bottom or shelf/slope? |
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Definition
| shelf/slope bec material on bottom=marine snow |
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| Earth surface is composed of? |
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Definition
29% land above sea level
71% land below sea level- 8% shelf, 23% ridges & rises, 29.5% deep ocean floor, and 10%(slope ect.) |
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Definition
| 1-3 km tall; rift valley similar to East African Rift valley |
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Definition
| plaes moved apart- divergent boundry |
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Term
Tranverse faults are?
Imp BC? |
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Definition
are: land that is slipping past one anothe not going toward or away ex. romanchie trench
BC: bottom from one side of the Atlantic ocean communicate with the other |
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| Sites of high heat flow and earthquakes? |
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Definition
1) deeps focus earthquakes
2) shallow focus earthquakes (is happening on the sea arc) |
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| Abyssal Plains: located near, why formed, why is change slow |
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Definition
flassest place on earth, deep;
location: near continents
formed: bc tribuatary currents (underwater avalanches)
change slow: bc no current |
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| Whoul you expect abyssal plains in marginal seas> |
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Definition
| Yes, bc sedimant hs flattened them out |
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| Abyssal hills: how tall?, how much does is cover of the pacific |
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Definition
tall: less than 1/2 mile
cover: covers 80% if the Pacific floor |
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| Trenches: associated with?, formed when?, which plate dives?, deepest trench in Atlantic, Pacific? |
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Definition
associated with: island arcs, convergent, plate boundries, subduction zone, plate diving
formed: when oceanic and continental plates collide
dives: ocean
Atlantic: puetrotican trench
Pacific: challanger deep in Marynnas Trench |
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Term
Underwater volcanoes
Why are they flat-topped? |
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Definition
seamounts-guyots;
flat-topped: it used to be up at the surface (weath and winds) coral caused it to sink |
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