Term
| Properties that affect locomotion |
|
Definition
-neutrally buoyant
-water is denser
-drag |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-frictional
-form
-induced
-wave |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interactions with the animals skin
-forces are tangent
-grow large in size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
displacement is equal to animals frontal S.A
-forces are perpendicular
-body shape = streamlining
-turbulent= bad
-laminar= good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
redirection of flow due to lift
-steeper angle = more drag
-have large appendages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
energy lost while splashing on the surface
-3-4 body diameters from the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measuring efficiency of movement
metabolic cost of moving 1 unit body mass 1 unit distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Morphology drag solutions 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-body length/body diameter
-~3-7 optimum
-4.5 ideal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-porpoising
-gliding
-wave riding |
|
|
Term
| Benefits to group living 5 |
|
Definition
Reduced predation risk
Enhanced detection/ capture of prey
Improved reproduction
Reduced harassment
Larger prey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-share food
-increased comp for mates
-infection |
|
|
Term
| Factors influencing sociality 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Advantages of predator grouping 3 |
|
Definition
Reduces advantage of schooling prey
– Herd, corral prey
– Increases detection of patch |
|
|
Term
| Odonocete reproductive patterns 3 |
|
Definition
1 calf every 2-8 yrs
• Weaning 0.5 - 10+ yrs
• Feeds during lactation |
|
|
Term
| Mysticete reproductive patterns 3 |
|
Definition
1 calf every 1-3 yrs
• Weaning 5 - 12 months
• Fasts during lactation |
|
|
Term
| Coastal grouping odonocetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking care of other offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-large and stable
-eat fish
-group specific vocalizations
-frequent echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-small and fluid
-eat marine mammals
-population specific vocalizations
-rare echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-large, fluid?
-eat squid and fish
-frequent echolocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– Allowed animals to colonize at a central place and time
– Ensures synchrony in breeding
– Harem formation |
|
|
Term
| Phocid reproductive patterns 3 |
|
Definition
– 1 pup every yr
– Age at weaning 4-50 days
– Fast during lactation |
|
|
Term
| Odobenidae reproductive patterns 3 |
|
Definition
– 1 calf every 2-3 yr
– Age at weaning 2 yr
– Feed while lactating |
|
|
Term
| Otariid reproductive patterns 3 |
|
Definition
– 1pupeveryyr(2 exceptions)
– Age at weaning 4 months to 1 yr (2 exceptions)
– Feed intermittently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
goes out to sea to feed, slow growing pup
paycheck to paycheck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fasts during lactation
-fast growing pup
-living off savings |
|
|
Term
| Pack ice lactation period 4 |
|
Definition
–4to ~24days
• 4 days Hooded seal
• 12 days harp seal
• 18 days gray seal |
|
|
Term
| Fast ice lactation period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Island breeding lactation period 2 |
|
Definition
– ~23-26 days E-seals
– 6 weeks monk seal |
|
|
Term
| Sea lion lactation period 3 |
|
Definition
– 10-12 months
– Australian sea lion
• 17.5 months |
|
|
