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Marine Biology Chap 04
The Chemical and Physical Environment
17
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/04/2009

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Term
Acclimation
Definition
Given a change of a single parameter, a readjustment of the physiology of an organism, reaching a new steady state
Term
Gonad Index
Definition
(Gonad dry mass)/(total tissue dry mass)
Term
Scope for Growth
Definition
The surplus of energy available for growth beyond that required for maintenance
Term
Osmosis
Definition
The movement of pure water across a membrane from a compartment with relatively low dissolved ions to a compartment with higher concentrations of dissolved ions
Term
RNA/DNA ratio
Definition
A measure of protein synthesis or vigor of growth-activity; amount of DNA in a cell is constant whereas amount of RNA varies
Term
Diffusion
Definition
The net movement of units of a substance from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration of that substance
Term
LD50
Definition
The value of a given experimental variable required to cause 50 percent mortality
Term
Organic Osmolytes
Definition
Compounds including amino acids and urea that are used in osmoregulation
Term
Endotherm
Definition
Organisms who rely on internal (metabolic) heat production to maintain relatively high body temperatures
Term
Bohr Effect
Definition
When blood pH decreases, the ability of hemoglobin to bind to oxygen decreases; an adaption to release oxygen in the oxygen-starved tissues in capillariues where respiratory carbon dioxide lowers blood pH
Term
Ectotherm
Definition
Organism whose body temperatures are determined primarily by external thermal conditions
Term
Homeotherm
Definition
Organism that maintain relatively stable body temperatures
Term
Poikilotherm
Definition
Organism whose body temperature conforms to external conditions
Term
Bioluminescence
Definition
Light emission, often as flashes, by many marine organisms
Term
Counter-Current Exchange
Definition
A biological device where heat is conserved by moving fluids through adjacent circulatory vessels in opposite directions
Term
Heat-Shock Protein
Definition
Proteins that are produced under heat stress and reduce the unfolding of functioning enzymes
Term
Ubiquitin
Definition
Protein found in all eukaryotic cells that can remove degrading proteins
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