Term
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Definition
| bacteria asexual reproduction. Cell's genetic material (DNA) is duplicated, a membrane forms between the duplicated DNA molecules (chromosomes) and the cell splits into two daughter cells of roughly equal size. |
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Definition
| rod shaped marine bacteria |
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Definition
| sphere shaped marine bacteria |
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Definition
| nutrition of an organism by absorption of small organic molecules from the external medium across the cell membrane |
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Definition
| enzyme released from osmotrophic microbes for external digestion |
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Definition
| a group of photosyntheti prokaryotes that contain chlorophyll a and that release oxygen as a by-product of their photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are sometimes referred to as blue-green algae |
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Definition
| the molecular form in which carbohydrates are stored in cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a primary photosynthetic pigment of most autotrophic microbes, algae, and plants. it absorbs pimarity violet and orange light. |
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Definition
| a primary photosynthetic pigment in few microbes, in green algae, and in all plants. it absorbs primarily blue and orange light. |
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Definition
| yellow and orange accessory pigments that absorb green light and function in photosynthesis. |
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Definition
| a class of accessory photosynthetic pigments in cyanobacteria and red algae |
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Definition
| a carotenoid pigment that confers a yellow or orange hue to a cell |
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Definition
| a group of accessory pigments that function in the process of photosynthesis in some organisms |
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Definition
| a red pigment that absorbs blue and green light. in some organisms, it functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| a blue pigment that absorbs green light. in some organisms, phycocyanin functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| the ability of photosynthetic organisms to alter the kind and quantity of photosynthetic pigments in response to changes in the wavelengths and intensity of sunlight. |
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Term
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Definition
| complex chemicals in primary producers that reduce the potential harm to chlorophylls by light |
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Definition
| coral-like community of microbes that forms a thin layer of living cells and filaments over an accumulated mass of dead and lithified material |
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Definition
| the slimy, gelatinous secretion covering algal cells for attachment of cells and for protection |
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Definition
| organism that thrives only in the absence of oxygen |
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Definition
| organism that thrives in the presence or absence of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| a class of primary photosynthetic pigments in purple and green photosynthetic bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that are able to form organic molecules from inorganic molecules using other chemicals rather than sunlight as a source of energy |
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Definition
| the formation of large aggregates by chemical or electrostatic attachment of particles to one another, as in the binding of loose sediments on a reef by seaweeds or aggregation of suspended particles in seawater by bacteria |
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Definition
| the conversion of an aggregate of particles into a solid mass with a mineral cement |
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Definition
| the settlement of particles from suspension in water, usually accumulating on the seafloor. |
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Definition
| a loose network of live and dead particles in the plankton arising from webs of mucus released by many kinds of microbes and zooplankton |
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Definition
| the process by which some microorganisms are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that is usable by producer organisms |
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Definition
| a specialized cell of cyanobacteria in which conditions are maintained favorable for nitrogen fixation |
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Definition
| the enzyme of nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is capable of breaking the strong bond of nitrogen gas for production of ammonia |
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Definition
| the process by which ammonia from animal wastes and dead tissue is converted into nitrate ions |
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Definition
| a specialized organ in some organisms that produces bioluminescence |
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Definition
| archaeon with the ability to produce methane gas in its metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| member of the domain archaea, distinguished from bacteria by its biochemical and genetic makeup and especially noted for its production of methane and tolerance of extreme environmental conditions |
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Definition
| a class of light-capturing proteins that serve in ATP production in the Halobacteria |
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Definition
| microbes, usually archaeons, that grow and reproduce best at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Celsius |
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Definition
| a group of organisms characterized by heterokont flagella with specialized mastigonemes and including diatoms, silicoflagellates, and brown algae |
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Term
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Definition
| hair-like filaments that extend from the shaft of some flagella and that increase the effectiveness of locomotion |
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Definition
| the condition of a cell that bears two different flagella, one simple and one with mastigonemes |
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Definition
| a photosynthetic stramenopile characterized by presence of chlorophylls a and c, the pigment fucoxanthin, and the starch laminarin; ochrophytes include diatoms, silicoflagellares, and brown algae |
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Definition
| the molecular form in which carbohydrates are stored in ochrophtes |
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Definition
| the glassy structure composed of silica that covers diatom cells |
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Definition
| one half of the two-part cell wall,or frustule, of a diatom |
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Term
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Definition
| a growth stage in the life cycle of a diatom that serves to restore the maximal size of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| an industrial material harvested from exposed deposits of dead diatom frustules and used for filtration and other applications |
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Definition
| a group of stramenopiles with heterotrophic nutrition that are decomposers or pathogens |
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Definition
| a labyrinthomorph that includes the pathogen responsible for wasting disease in eelgrass |
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Definition
| labyrinthomorphs that are abundant decomposers in planktonic and benthic communities |
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Term
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Definition
| a rod-like organelle that projects between the two flagella of haptophytes and is used to capture prey |
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Definition
| calcareous plates that cover the surface of phytoplankton called coccolithophores |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of microbes with membranous sacs (alveoli) beneath the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous sacs beneath the cell membrane of a microbe belinging to the group Alveolata |
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Definition
| the complex of alveoli and the cell membrane in alveolates |
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Definition
| an alveolate microbe with cellulose in its alveoli and with two heterokont flagella for locomotion |
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Definition
| a chemical in the cellulose plates of dinoflagellates that increases their resistance to decay |
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Term
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Definition
| the groove around the middle of a dinoflaggelate that holds one of its two flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| the groove on the surface of a dinoflaggelate that extends from the cingulum and holds one of its two flagella |
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Term
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Definition
| dinoflagellate with a few thin layers of cellulose in its alveoli, giving the appearance of having no protective cell covering |
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Term
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Definition
| dinoflagellate with thick layers of cellulose in its alveoli, giving the appearance of having a protective cell covering |
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Definition
| a kind of xanthophyll in dinoflagellates that gives them their golden-brown color |
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Definition
| nutrition of an organism by combining autotrophy and heterotrophy |
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Definition
| dinoflagellate that is an important symbiont of jellyfishes, corals, and molluscs |
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Term
| harmful algal blooms (HABs, red tide) |
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Definition
| the formation of a dense population of photosynthetic microbes and macroalgae that presents an environmental threat in natural and managed communities |
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Term
| paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) |
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Definition
| a toxic condition that occurs following the ingestion of shellfish contaminated by a dinoflagellate toxin |
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Definition
| a group of alveolate microbes characterized by the presence of cilia for locomotion and feeding |
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Term
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Definition
| sheet-like or triangular arrangements of cilia that increase the effectiveness of locomotion and feeding |
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Definition
| an organelle in a eukaryotic microbe that serves as the site for ingestion of food |
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Definition
| a kind of sexual reproduction that involves the exchange of nuclei between two fused cells |
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Definition
| a loosely fitting external covering of a microbe |
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Definition
| a group of microbes, similar to the choanocytes of sponges, that filter suspended particles through a collar of microvilli |
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Term
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Definition
| finger-like projections of cytoplasm and membrane that function in both locomotion and feeding in amoebae and their relatives |
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Definition
| term used for the external covering of foraminiferans |
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Term
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Definition
| a pseudopod with branches that interconnect to form a net for the capture of particles |
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Definition
| a seafloor sediment consisting of the accumulated calcareous tests of foraminiferans |
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Term
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Definition
| in radiolarians, and external organic layer that separates the inner nuclear region from the calymma |
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Definition
| the vacuolated outermost cytoplasm of a radiolarian |
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Definition
| a seafloor sediment consisting of the accumulated siliceous skeletons of radiolarians |
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Definition
| a term applied to animals that spend most of their time fixed in one place |
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Definition
| a spacious, water-filled cavity within the body of a sponge |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of similar cells that serve a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| a flagellated cell, many of which line the cavities within sponges. They are responsible for producing the water current that flows through a sponge's body. |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened cells that form the outer body surface of a sponge |
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Term
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Definition
| cells in a sponge's body that resemble amoebas and that can form any cell type in the sponge |
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Term
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Definition
| a support structure of sponges. a spicule can be composed of calcium carbonate, silica, or the protein spongin |
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Term
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Definition
| a structural protein in some sponge spicules |
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Definition
| a type of sponge whose body has only a single spongocoel that does not contain invaginations |
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Term
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Definition
| a sponge with a single spongocoel that has many invaginations |
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Definition
| a sponge with a complex body containing many spongocoels and chambers leading to them |
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Definition
| an organism that feeds on material suspended in the water |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that filters its food from the water |
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Definition
| a form of asexual reproduction in microbes and multicellular organisms in which unequal division of the adult produces two individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal that possesses both male and female sex organs |
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Definition
| the amount of light and darkness in a 24-hour period |
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Definition
| the planktonic larval stage of sponges |
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Definition
| an organism that swims with legs, fins, wings, or other extensions from the body |
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Definition
| the populations of organisms that live around a deep-sea vent, also known as a rift community. |
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