Absolute Distance

Absolute location

The distance that can be measured with a standard unit of lenth, such as a mile or kilometer.

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the exact position of an object or place, measured within the spatial coordinants of a grid system.

Expansion Diffusion

Friction of Distance

The thing or process being spread remains in the area of origin as well as spreads to surrounding areas.

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Distance itself hinders interaction between places.

Resolution

Scale

Refers to a map's smallest discernible unit.  Also smallest thing you can see on a map.

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Refers to the ratio between the distance on a map and the actual distance on Earth's surface.

reference maps

proportional symbols

works well for location and navigating between places

the size of the chosen symbol indications the relative magnitude of some calue for a given geographic

Accessibility

Azimuthal Projection

The relative ease with which a destination may be reached my some other place.

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A map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface.

Location Charts

Preference Map

convey a large amount of information by associating charts with a specific mapped location

shows people's ideas about the envriomental, social, or economic quality of life in various places

Fuller Projection

Geoid

Maintains the accurate size and shape of landmasses but completely rearranges direction, so the directions no longer have any meaning.

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Bumpy oblate spheroid.

Map Projections

Mercator Projection

geographers use numerous different mathematical equations to produce ___ ______

preserves accurate compas directions, distorts the area of landmasses relative to each other

Site

Situation

Refers to the physical and cultural features of a place, independent of that place's relationship to other places around it.

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Decribes a place's relationship to other places around it.

Breaking Point

Cartograms

The outer edge of a city's sphere of influence,  used in the law of retail gravitation to describe the area of a city's hinterlands that depend on that city for its retail supply.

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Transform  space, such that the political unit-a state, or a country, for example-with the greatest value for some type of data is represented by the largest relative area.  

Peters Projection

Robinson Projection

cyndrical projection that retains the accurate sizes of all the world's landmasses

examplke of an attempt to balance projection errors 

Preference Maps

Longitude

show's people's ideas about the enviromental, social, or economic quality of life

east and west long lines

Gravity Model

Hazards

The degree to which objects are attracted to each other by gravity is a result of the product of their respective masses, divided the square of their distance apart.

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Jammed intersections or dangerous parts of town are imprinted into people's cognitive maps.

Latitude

meridians

North and South flat lines

another name for longitude

Prime Meridian

Parallels

 it is where the meridians originate

unlike meridians, lines of latitude never touch, as a result they are often refered to as this 

Choropleth Maps

Cognitive Maps

Use colors or tonal shadings to represent categories of data for given geographic areas.

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(Sometimes called mental maps), an individual's internal, geogaphic understanding of a place.

Relative Location

Relative Distance

describes a place's relationship to other places around it

measures are often much more meaningful

Small-Scale

Spatial Diffusion

Map with the ratio between map units and ground units is small, such as 1:100,000.

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Important concept, describes the ways in which phenomena, such as technological innovations, cultural trends, or outbreaks of disease, travel over space.

Relocation Diffusion

Reference Maps

occurs when people migrate from one place to another bringing with them cultural traditions from their previous homeland

Work as well for location and navigating between places

Complementarity

Connectivity

The degree to which one place can supply something that another place demands.

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(Or topological space), important in human geography because the absolute distance between places is often not an accurate characterization of their social, cultural, political, or economic connectivity.

Hierarchial Diffusion

International Date Line

Involves the transmission of a phenomenon from one place to another because the level of interaction b/w places overcomes the actual distance b/w them.

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180 degrees, meridian, longitude.

Stimulus Diffusion

Thematic Map

Contagious Diffusion

Coordinate System

Something is transmitted over space because people who carry are close to each other.

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 (Or a standard grid)Where a precise location of any object on the Earth's surface can be pinpointed.

Intervening Opportunites

Isolines

Second idea from economic geography that helps to explain connectivity

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Lines that represent quantities of equal value

Large-Scale

Latitude

Maps have large large-scale ratios, such as 1:5,000, and cover much smaller regions

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lines of latitude never touch, lat-flat, horizontal

Law of retail gravitation

Location Charts

large cities provide diverse opportunities, which smaller towns usually can't provide

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convey a large amount of info by associating charts with specific mapped locations 

Distance Decay Effect

Dot Maps

caused by the friction of distace, the farther away people are from a service, the less people there are that use it.  

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use points to show the precise locations of specific observations or occurences, such as crimes, car accidents, or births.