Term
|
Definition
Powhatan's Mantle, ca. 1600-1638
Created by the Powhatan, under leadership of chief Wahunsunacock (d. 1618)
• Once thought to have been a mantle (cloak), it is now considered to have been more likely a hanging consisting of four white-tailed deer hides that have been trimmed and sewn together with sinew.
• The elaborate shell beadwork decoration consists of a central standing figure, flanked by two opposed four-legged animals in profile that have been interpreted as a mountain lion or a wolf and a white-tailed deer. The circles may represent settlements and the tribes of the chiefdom.
• Significant in that it represents a native way of mapping very different from westernized cartography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
John Smith and William Hole, Virginia [London, 1624; orig. 1612]
West at top, colonizer’s viewpoint- showing their view of the land to conquer
· Smith’s exploratory journeys
o He went up the rivers getting a feel for the ‘new’ land
o Had some bad interactions with Native Americans
· Smith was disliked by many
o Boasted and self-aggrandized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Five Nations Peace Belt, n.d.
Wampum were belts made of shell beads to represent an agreement or significant dialogue
o The Wampum is presented during discussion and is accepted if the proposal is accepted
· Spatial representations were in the straight lines as paths, abstract shapes as regions
· Colonists had to abide by this indigenous tradition and make their own wampum belts to make agreements with them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Copy of) [Map of the several nations of Indians to the Northwest of South Carolina], or [Catawba Deerskin Map] (1929; orig. [1724?])
The idea of the “path”
After the Yamasee War of 1715
A bid for alliance with Gov. Francis Nicholson and South Carolina
Indispensable intermediaries and the deerskin trade |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Ngurra Canvas, 1997
Example of Australian Aboriginal mapping
Painted by senior traditional owners of the Great Sandy Desert of northern Western Australia, this painting has spectacular significance for the people of this community, being presented for the National Native Title Tribunal claim for the Southern Kimberly community in 1997
The recognition of Aboriginal art as aesthetic, not mere artefact, has meant Europeans reconceptualising ethnographic objects into art. Aboriginal people were encouraged to put their fragile and non-lasting artwork into permanent forms - on canvas, board and bark (where it was not traditionally done) and with watercolours and acrylics. This mirrored the process of changing the mediums for Aboriginal artists - turning sand paintings into acrylic paintings, placing body paint onto canvas, the classification of functional pieces - baskets, boomerangs, shields - as sculpture. These new mediums were an extension of the traditional motifs, symbols and representations and remained fundamentally and intrinsically Indigenous. Aboriginal artists were producing and selling a whole new genre of art specially created to communicate with the outside world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
John Byres, Plan of the Island of St. Vincent (London, 1776)
Shows usable land, divided into plots along coasts
Division between fertile lands surround rugged mountains
British wanted a deep understanding of their entire empire
The Board of Trade divided up tracts of land
Merges cadastral and jurisdictional mapping to show private land ownership within the British empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
John Mitchell, Map of the British and French Dominions in North America (1755)
Produced near the beginning of the Seven Years War
Made for Lord Halifax, a British imperial official, reflects his aims for the War
Shows British claims in North America with an anti-French view
French constrained in green colored Canada while pink Virginia and British Canada expands much further
Britain can rightly claim vast territory in North America |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Robert Morden and William Berry, A New Map of the English Plantations in America: Both Continent and Ilands (London, [ca. 1675])
Emphasis on Caribbean Islands
British saw Caribbean as at least equal to their North American colonies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emanuel Bowen, An Accurate Map of North America (London, 1763)
Map scholars have identified eleven states of Bowen's An Accurate Map. Each of these maps features the same cartouche of reverent, subordinate Natives; each has the same inset of the frigid northern reaches of British power in America; each frames the continent to include the Caribbean islands and the Spanish mainland; and each joined text to image to offer a legal foundation for sovereignty claims. Despite these similarities, the eight versions gathered together here show how boundaries, titles, and landforms on this popular printed map changed as Britain's program for American administration and development changed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herman Moll. A New and Exact Map of the Dominions of the King of Great Britain On Ye Continent of North America (London, 1715) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| William De Brahm, A Map of South Carolina and a Part of Georgia (London, 1757) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cassini Family, Carte de France (Paris, 1750-1815)
First geodetic survey of an entire country
Geodesy=using modern science and math to create more accurate maps
Seen as necessary for the administration of the nation of France
Cassini family began work in 1660s, continued through 1810s
Claimed by French revolutionaries as property of the Republic of France, had been controlled by cassini |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
U.S. Coast Survey, Florida Keys Sombrero Key to Dry Tortugas, 29th edn. (Washington, D.C., 2013)
Professor Edelson went on a boring trip on a boat that measures the bottom of the ocean for shipping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CIAM-Alger presentation panel, 1953: map of bidonvilles in Algiers
Map of French controlled Algeria in 1950s
Maps the location of ethnic groups by mapping the housing used by different groups
Map imposes hierarchies on housing types and ethnic groups
Project began because of French worries about |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Civitas Londinium (a.k.a. The Agas map) (London, c.1540-1621)
Chorography: the systematic, descriptive mapping of regions or districts
In perspective
Creates the illusion of universal knowledge
Aesthetically pleasing
Overwhelming= grandiosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Henry Beck, London Underground (London, 1931)
Straight lines, even distance between stops, little relation to spatial geography,
All these features allow for easier use of the map |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Denis Wood, "JACK-O’-LANTERNS," in Everything Sings (2010)
Map of Jack o Lanterns in Boylan Heights, NC
According to Wood, the houses with Jack o lanterns were more prominent and |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ely Area Entry Points Special (F-31) (Virginia, MN: W. A. Fisher, 1983)
Also used for wayfinding
Survey knowledge: mental map of space
Route knowledge: sense of directions through space
Path integration: combines these ^
Woodshock: being lost and losing faith in your sense of direction and map
Map of Minnesota’s Boundary Waters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Peters World Map (Oxford, UK, ca. 2017)
Alternative to Mercator Projection
Prioritizes the size rather than shape of places, latitude lines closer to the equator are farther apart
Proposed as a more equitable map for teaching world history; does not inflate the importance of North America and Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Charles Minard, Carte Figurative des pertes successives en hommes de l'Armée Francaise dans las campagne de Russie 1812-1813 (Paris, 1869)
Example of maps as information
Shows the number of troops in Napoleon’s army as they marched to Moscow
Graphs temperature, location and size of the Army |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Max Galka, U.S. Presidential Election 2016: County-Level Results, 2016
Shows just how divided the nation was in the 2016 Presidential election
Color and depth as visual indicators of division
uses different dimensions to display information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vincent Brown/Axis, Slave Revolt in Jamaica, 1760-1761, 2012, http://revolt.axismaps.com/map/ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Andrew Kahn, “The Atlantic Slave Trade in Two Minutes,” Slate, June 25, 2015 |
|
Definition
| depicts the slow then fast pace of the atlantic slave trade. |
|
|
Term
| angus Wall/Elastic, Game of Thrones title sequence, 2011-present |
|
Definition
| Game of Thrones has some dope mapping. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the art of placing or arranging buildings or other sites auspiciously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Counter-mapping refers to efforts to map "against dominant power structures, to further seemingly progressive goals". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| were a series of elaborate questionnaires distributed to the lands of King Philip II of Spain in the Viceroyalty of New Spain in North America. They were done so, upon his command, from 1579—1585 These questionnaires had upward of fifty questions that requested information on various aspects of the Spanish colonial life in each region or major town, in order to govern it more effectively. Thus, these questionnaires had more of an administrative and functional purpose as opposed to intellectual gain. These questionnaires are often times considered the first statistical study of the New World, since they attempted to chart the lands, peoples, and trade routes.[3] The value of these questionnaires continues to grow over time due to these surveys being first-person information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mapping evanescent elements such as memories, stories, sensations and perceptions about places, as well as a practical environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Geodesy, also known as geodetics, is the science of accurately measuring and understanding three of Earth's fundamental properties—its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravity field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This federal program makes the official charts for the United States as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It is responsible for mapping 3.4 million miles of the US coastline. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plane table (plain table prior to 1830) is a device used in surveying and related disciplines to provide a solid and level surface on which to make field drawings, charts and maps. The early use of the name plain table reflected its simplicity and plainness rather than its flatness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sighting device or pointer for determining directions or measuring angles, used in surveying and (formerly) astronomy. |
|
|
Term
| Global Positioning System (GPS) |
|
Definition
| A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. |
|
|
Term
| Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
|
Definition
| A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data. (This mapping technology was developed to serve environmental branches of government to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial and geographic data.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of indigenous map depicts the geography of both a physical and social space, often using circles and lines. The Catawba Deerskin Map is an example |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This type of survey combines empirical geographic evidence with mathematical calculations of longitude to produce highly accurate maps. The Cassini family of France produced the Carte de France using this technique |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These shells were used by indigenous peoples in North America to make belts that were traded as a sign of peace. The designs mapped the tribe's history and human geography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created by the English Council for Trade and Plantations, this atlas emphasizes the importance of sugar-producing islands and represents the British government's increased involvement in colonization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From Sheila Crane's lecture, these slums were located in French Algeria in the mid-twentieth century. French architects created a project to redesign them. |
|
|
