Term
Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.
Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.
Definition
Term
The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as
The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as
Definition
Term
Which structure attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch?
Which structure attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch?
Definition
Term
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
The earlike extension of the atrium is the
Definition
Term
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain
Definition
Term
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by
Definition
Term
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
Definition
Term
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?
Definition
Term
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
Definition
Term
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
Definition
Term
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?
Definition
Term
Coronary veins empty into the
Coronary veins empty into the
Definition
Term
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.
Definition
Term
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
Definition
Term
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
Definition
Term
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.
Definition
Term
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because
The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because
Definition
Term
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the
Definition
Term
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.
Definition
Term
David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause
David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause
Definition
increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.
Term
Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.
Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.
Definition
Term
Arteriosclerosis can lead to
Arteriosclerosis can lead to
Definition
Term
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of
Definition
Term
Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.
Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________.
Definition
Term
Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles?
Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles?
Definition
Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves.
Term
Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves.
Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves.
Definition
Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
Term
What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close?
What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close?
Definition
greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle
Term
Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.
Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling.
Definition
isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation
Term
Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)?
Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)?
Definition
Term
The first heart sound is heard when the
The first heart sound is heard when the
Definition
Term
The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.
Definition
Term
Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?
Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart?
Definition
Term
What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?
What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?
Definition
ventricular depolarization
Term
Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?
Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?
Definition
Term
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?
Definition
Term
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the
Definition
Term
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
Definition
Term
The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute.
The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute.
Definition
Term
The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum.
The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum.
Definition
Both parts of the statement are true.
Term
The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
Definition
calcium channels remaining open.
Term
Definition
calcium ions enter the cell through slow ion channels.
Term
Action potentials generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the contractile cells through what structures in the membrane?
Action potentials generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the contractile cells through what structures in the membrane?
Definition
Term
One of the changes that occurs in the pacemaker potential (unstable resting membrane potential) in the SA node (an autorhythmic cell) is a decreased efflux of what ion?
One of the changes that occurs in the pacemaker potential (unstable resting membrane potential) in the SA node (an autorhythmic cell) is a decreased efflux of what ion?
Definition
Term
When threshold is reached at the SA node (an autorhythmic cell), what channels open causing further depolarization of the membrane?
When threshold is reached at the SA node (an autorhythmic cell), what channels open causing further depolarization of the membrane?
Definition
Term
Repolarization of an autorhythmic cell is due to the opening of which channels?
Repolarization of an autorhythmic cell is due to the opening of which channels?
Definition
voltage-gated potassium channels
Term
In order to cause cardiac muscle contraction, the contractile cells must also depolarize. What causes the depolarization of the contractile cells?
In order to cause cardiac muscle contraction, the contractile cells must also depolarize. What causes the depolarization of the contractile cells?
Definition
the flow of positive ions from adjacent cells
Term
Definition
Term
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except
Definition
increased parasympathetic stimulation.
Term
Which factor affecting stroke volume (SV) is correct ?
Which factor affecting stroke volume (SV) is correct ?
Definition
The greater the contractility, the smaller the ESV.
Term
In an ECG recording, which of the following coincides with ventricular repolarization?
In an ECG recording, which of the following coincides with ventricular repolarization?
Definition
Term
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
Definition
depolarization of the atria.
Term
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the
Definition
Term
If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?
If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?
Definition
The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.
Term
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except
Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except
Definition
Term
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.
Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.
Definition
Term
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
Definition
Term
Turbulent blood flow occurs
Turbulent blood flow occurs
Definition
Term
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
Definition
Term
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
Definition
Term
Materials can move across capillary walls by
Materials can move across capillary walls by
Definition
Term
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
Definition
concentration of plasma proteins.
Term
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
Definition
capillary hydrostatic pressure.
Term
Definition
Term
When will the blood pressure be greater ?
When will the blood pressure be greater ?
Definition
when the peripheral vessels constrict
Term
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to
An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to
Definition
both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure.
Term
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
Definition
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
Term
The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is:
The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is:
Definition
Term
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except
Definition
Term
Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?
Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation?
Definition
Term
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
Definition
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
Term
In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false ?
In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false ?
Definition
Both hearts weigh about the same.
Term
Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate?
Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate?
Definition
Term
Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?
Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?
Definition
Skin blood flow is lower.
Term
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
Definition
Term
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
Definition
Term
Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result of this injury, you would expect to observe all of the following, except
Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result of this injury, you would expect to observe all of the following, except
Definition
an increase in cardiac output.
Term
Compression of Olivia's inferior vena cava causes her feet to swell due to which of the following alterations in capillary exchange?
Compression of Olivia's inferior vena cava causes her feet to swell due to which of the following alterations in capillary exchange?
Definition
Capillary hydrostatic pressure is increased
Term
The compression of Olivia's inferior vena cava will decrease cardiac output, because
The compression of Olivia's inferior vena cava will decrease cardiac output, because
Definition
The decrease in venous return will lower stroke volume
Term
Olivia's tachycardia is probably a result of
Olivia's tachycardia is probably a result of
Definition
Inhibition of baroreceptors
Term
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.
Definition
blood pressure
Yes, blood pressure is the driving force for filtration.
Term
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.
Definition
capillary; interstitial fluid
Yes, the capillary hydrostatic pressure (HP C ; caused by blood pressure) is much higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure (HP I ). The interstitial fluid is forced out of the capillaries.
Term
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?
Definition
34 mm Hg
Yes, HP c (35 mm Hg) – HP I (1 mm Hg) = 34 mm Hg, which is the net hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end. The hydrostatic pressure of the blood is much higher at the arterial end of the capillary, thus favoring filtration.
Term
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.
Definition
proteins in the blood
Yes, the non-diffusible proteins in the plasma exert the colloid osmotic pressure, which pulls fluid into the capillary.
Term
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?
Definition
net osmotic pressure
Yes, the proteins exert colloid osmotic pressure, which draws fluid into the capillary.
Term
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?
Definition
venous
Yes, because the hydrostatic pressure of blood (which favors filtration out of the capillary) is lowest in the venous end of the capillary.
Term
Which characteristic of lymphatic capillaries is correct ?
Which characteristic of lymphatic capillaries is correct ?
Definition
They originate as pockets rather than forming continuous tubes.
Term
The primary function of the lymphoid system is
The primary function of the lymphoid system is
Definition
defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
Term
Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the
Lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body, except the
Definition
Term
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
Definition
Term
Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with
Lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with
Definition
Term
Which lymphocytes migrate throughout the body, moving through peripheral tissues in search of abnormal cells?
Which lymphocytes migrate throughout the body, moving through peripheral tissues in search of abnormal cells?
Definition
Term
Which lymphocytes are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
Which lymphocytes are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?
Definition
Term
Which cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
Which cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
Definition
Term
Lymphocyte production involves
Lymphocyte production involves
Definition
Term
Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the
Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the
Definition
Term
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of
Definition
Term
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
Definition
Term
The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the
The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the
Definition
Term
Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?
Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?
Definition
free and fixed macrophages
Term
Which lymph node structure is dominated by T cells?
Which lymph node structure is dominated by T cells?
Definition
Term
Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false ?
Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false ?
Definition
The afferent lymphatics enters at the hilum.
Term
Lymph nodes range in diameter from
Lymph nodes range in diameter from
Definition
Term
Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphoid nodule.
Dividing lymphocytes can be found in the ________ of the lymphoid nodule.
Definition
Term
Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
Leslie has a bad sore throat, and the lymph glands in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
Definition
the affected lymph glands contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
Term
Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?
Lymphoid organs differ from lymphoid tissues in what way?
Definition
They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphoid tissues are not.
Term
The medulla of a lymph node contain ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells.
The medulla of a lymph node contain ________ lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Definition
Term
Which statement is most accurate regarding immunological escape?
Which statement is most accurate regarding immunological escape?
Definition
Cancer cells often mutate and can sometimes avoid detection by NK cells.
Term
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.
Definition
Term
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.
Definition
Term
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.
Definition
Term
Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?
Cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of these chemical weapons?
Definition
activate genes that trigger apoptosis
Term
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
Definition
NK cells recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane.
NK cells do not recognize abnormal or cancer cells by a specific antigen on their cell membrane. NK cells to do not have specific antigen receptors – like T cells do. NK cells look for the absence of normally occurring “self” proteins on infected or cancerous cells.
Term
Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?
Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?
Definition
interferons
Yes, interferons are antimicrobial proteins that interfere with viral replication. They are produced by a virus-infected cell. Although the infected cell will die, it sends out interferons that protect the neighboring cells from the virus.
Term
How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria?
How do phagocytes recognize foreign cells or bacteria?
Definition
The phagocytes recognize molecules on pathogens not normally found on body cells.
Yes, they use mannose and Toll-like receptors to bind to the molecules found on pathogens.
Term
Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?
Which of the innate defense mechanisms can lyse bacteria and mark cells for phagocytosis?
Definition
complement proteins
Yes, the complement proteins can lyse microorganisms using the MAC (membrane attack complex) system to form pores, mark cells for phagocytosis (opsonization), and promote inflammation.
Term
Which of the following can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?
Which of the following can act as opsonins on bacteria, thus enhancing phagocytosis?
Definition
antibodies and complement proteins
Term
The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would
The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would
Definition
Term
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except
Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation, except
Definition
chemotaxis of phagocytes.
Term
Which nonspecific defense mechanism increases the resistance of cells to viral infection and slows the spread of disease?
Which nonspecific defense mechanism increases the resistance of cells to viral infection and slows the spread of disease?
Definition
Term
Which of the following are secreted by T cells and NK cells, and stimulate macrophage activity?
Which of the following are secreted by T cells and NK cells, and stimulate macrophage activity?
Definition
Term
The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except
The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except
Definition
inhibition of the immune response.
Term
Which of the following are abundant, mobile, and quick to phagocytize cellular debris or invading bacteria?
Which of the following are abundant, mobile, and quick to phagocytize cellular debris or invading bacteria?
Definition
Term
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
Definition
Term
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by
Definition
Term
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.
Definition
naturally acquired active
Term
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.
Definition
naturally acquired passive
Term
Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only
Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only
Definition
in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes.
Term
The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.
The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ________ cells.
Definition
Term
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.
Definition
Term
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.
Definition
Term
Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response are ________ cells.
Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response are ________ cells.
Definition
Term
Helper T cells do all of the following, except
Helper T cells do all of the following, except
Definition
destroy target cells using perforins.
Term
What forms the base of the antibody molecule?
What forms the base of the antibody molecule?
Definition
constant segments of the heavy chain
Term
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are
Definition
Term
The most abundant type of antibody is
The most abundant type of antibody is
Definition
Term
During a primary immune response, the
During a primary immune response, the
Definition
IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer.
Term
A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably
A crime scene investigator found that a biological fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA-type antibody. This fluid is probably
Definition
Term
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in
Definition
Term
Choose the correct statement pertaining to allergies.
Choose the correct statement pertaining to allergies.
Definition
Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large quantities of IgE.
Term
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are
Definition
Term
In viral infections, what occurs after helper T cells are activated?
In viral infections, what occurs after helper T cells are activated?
Definition
Term
Which specific defense cells, produced as a result of the activation of Class II MHC proteins, await the reappearance of the antigen?
Which specific defense cells, produced as a result of the activation of Class II MHC proteins, await the reappearance of the antigen?
Definition
Term
Destruction of antigens or cell lysis can be caused by all of the following except by
Destruction of antigens or cell lysis can be caused by all of the following except by
Definition
Term
Definition
are directed against the body's own antigens.
Term
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects ________ cells.
Definition
Term
Definition
is an autoimmune disorder.
Term
Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?
Tears and mucus membranes would be a part of which defense system?
Definition
innate external defenses
Yes, innate external defenses (surface barriers) are the first line of defense and include tears, mucus membranes, and the skin.
Term
Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?
Phagocytotic cells such as macrophages identify a variety of enemies by recognizing markers unique to pathogens. They would be classified as which type of defense system?
Definition
innate internal defenses
Yes, the macrophage recognizes many molecules found on pathogens that are not present on normal body cells.
Term
What cells make antibodies?
What cells make antibodies?
Definition
Term
What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?
What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to?
Definition
an antigenic determinant
Yes, also called an epitope, the antigenic determinant is the specific part of an antigen that the antibody or lymphocyte antigenic determinant receptor binds to.
Term
What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?
What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient?
Definition
Term
If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?
If a virus attacks a cell, which type of immunity would be activated?
Definition
Cell-mediated immunity (cellular immunity)
Yes, cell-mediated immunity involves an intracellular pathogen such as a virus.
Term
Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?
Cancer cells would be attacked by which of the following cells?
Definition
Cytotoxic T cells
Yes, cytotoxic T cells attack cancer cells, since they are part of cell-mediated immunity.
Term
Which of the following is part of a nonspecific defense that might prevent an influenza virus in your respiratory passages from causing an infection?
Which of the following is part of a nonspecific defense that might prevent an influenza virus in your respiratory passages from causing an infection?
Definition
Term
Though the symptom is unpleasant, some doctors recommend allowing fever to continue for a short period without medication, because
Though the symptom is unpleasant, some doctors recommend allowing fever to continue for a short period without medication, because
Definition
A higher body temperature increases the rate of repair of tissues
Term
Our bodily defenses can take advantage of the presence of viral hemagglutinins by
Our bodily defenses can take advantage of the presence of viral hemagglutinins by
Definition
Creating white blood cells that seek out the hemagglutinins
Term
Which mechanism results in a coating of antibodies and complement proteins that increases the effectiveness of phagocytosis?
Which mechanism results in a coating of antibodies and complement proteins that increases the effectiveness of phagocytosis?
Definition
Term
Each IgG has ________ binding site(s) for attachment to antigenic determinants.
Each IgG has ________ binding site(s) for attachment to antigenic determinants.
Definition
Term
If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free?
If the disulfide bonds in IgG were broken, how many protein chains would be set free?
Definition
Term
Which statement regarding CD4 T cells is true ?
Which statement regarding CD4 T cells is true ?
Definition
Before they can initiate antibody-mediated immunity, inactive CD4 T cells must be exposed to appropriate antigens bound to Class II MHC proteins.
Term
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
Definition
Term
In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person
In a routine examination, some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show a high IgM titer for the mumps virus but a low IgG anti-mumps titer. This would indicate the person
Definition
was recently infected with mumps.
