Term
The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye.
Definition
Term
Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?
Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges?
Definition
Term
All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except that they
All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except that they
Definition
produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.
Term
A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the
A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the
Definition
Term
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor ?
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor ?
Definition
constantly produced and recycled
Term
The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the
The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the
Definition
Term
Definition
helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
Term
All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it
All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it
Definition
Term
The cornea is part of the
The cornea is part of the
Definition
Term
A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?
A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order?
Definition
conjunctiva → cornea → aqueous humor → lens → vitreous body → retina → choroid
Term
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision?
Definition
Term
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________.
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________.
Definition
Term
The ciliary muscle contracts to
The ciliary muscle contracts to
Definition
adjust the shape of the lens for close vision.
Term
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the
Definition
Term
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
When a rod is stimulated by light,
When a rod is stimulated by light,
Definition
Term
Which of the following is true about rhodopsin?
Which of the following is true about rhodopsin?
Definition
Term
A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is
A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is
Definition
Term
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
Definition
Term
In the retina, the correct sequence of neural wiring is
In the retina, the correct sequence of neural wiring is
Definition
rod - bipolar cell ganglion cell - thalamus
Term
Which of the following statements concerning vision is false?
Which of the following statements concerning vision is false?
Definition
The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex.
Term
Which of the following statements about the retina is true ?
Which of the following statements about the retina is true ?
Definition
all of the above are true
Term
Which of the following descriptions applies/apply to the term myopia ?
Which of the following descriptions applies/apply to the term myopia ?
Definition
Term
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.
Definition
hormones; neurotransmitters
Term
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include
Definition
Term
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
Hormones known as "catecholamines" are
Definition
Term
Definition
release their secretions directly into body fluids.
Term
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
Definition
gene transcription is initiated.
Term
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
Definition
Term
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
Definition
ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed.
Term
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the
Definition
second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
Term
Definition
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Term
The hypophyseal portal system
The hypophyseal portal system
Definition
Term
Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?
Hormone release may be controlled by which of the following factors?
Definition
Term
The most complex endocrine responses that integrated the nervous and endocrine system involve the
The most complex endocrine responses that integrated the nervous and endocrine system involve the
Definition
Term
Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
Definition
Term
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
Definition
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
Term
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. Therefore, The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. Therefore, The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics one of the following hormones. Which one?
Definition
Term
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is (are)
The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is (are)
Definition
Term
The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?
The two lobes of the pituitary gland together produce how many hormones?
Definition
Term
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of
Definition
Term
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
Definition
Term
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is
Definition
Term
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
Definition
Term
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
Definition
Term
Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?
Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin?
Definition
Term
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
Definition
Term
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
Where does the chemical reaction between thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
Definition
in the lumen of the thyroid follicle
Term
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is
Definition
Term
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is
Definition
Term
When blood glucose levels rise,
When blood glucose levels rise,
Definition
Term
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.
Definition
Term
The targets for insulin is (are)
The targets for insulin is (are)
Definition
Term
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is
Definition
Term
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces
The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces
Definition
Term
When blood glucose levels fall,
When blood glucose levels fall,
Definition
Term
Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, to grow extensive body hair, and to stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the
Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, to grow extensive body hair, and to stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the
Definition
Term
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following, except
Definition
Term
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Term
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of
Definition
Term
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Melatonin is produced by the
Melatonin is produced by the
Definition
Term
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,
In persons with untreated diabetes mellitus,
Definition
Term
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
Definition
Term
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
Definition
Term
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
Definition
Term
Definition
Term
Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells?
Which of these hormones increases production of red blood cells?
Definition
Term
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by
The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by
Definition
decreased resistance to disease and infection.
Term
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
During the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Definition
lipid reserves are mobilized.
Term
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) there is
Definition
mobilization of energy reserves.
Term
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
The hormone that dominates during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is
Definition
Term
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
Definition
Term
Cushing disease results from an excess of
Cushing disease results from an excess of
Definition
Term
Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to
Inadequate iodine in the diet may lead to
Definition
Term
Too little secretion of cortisol causes
Too little secretion of cortisol causes
Definition
Term
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
Definition
Term
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting
Definition
Term
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?
Definition
Term
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
Definition
Term
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
The average lifespan of a red blood cell is
Definition
Term
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
Definition
Term
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
Definition
heme molecules lacking iron.
Term
The process of red blood cell production is called
The process of red blood cell production is called
Definition
Term
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
Definition
Term
If bile ducts are blocked,
If bile ducts are blocked,
Definition
more bilirubin appears in the plasma, and bilirubin appears in the skin and eyes.
Term
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
Definition
Term
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
Definition
Term
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
Definition
their blood lacks A or B antibodies.
Term
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if
Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if
Definition
an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.
Term
The pus associated with infected wounds contains
The pus associated with infected wounds contains
Definition
Term
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
Definition
Term
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
Definition
Term
Which of the following is true of basophils?
Which of the following is true of basophils?
Definition
Term
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
Definition
Term
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except
Definition
Term
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except
Definition
during periods of fasting.
Term
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
Definition
recycled to the red bone marrow.
Term
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
Definition
her hemoglobin level is normal.
Term
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
Definition
Term
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of
Definition
Term
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
Definition
Term
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
Definition
activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen.
Term
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
Definition
Term
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
Definition
injections of vitamin B 12 .
Term
The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the
The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the
Definition
Term
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
Definition
Term
In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the
In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the
Definition
internal elastic membrane.
Term
Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries
Definition
Term
Compared to arteries, veins
Compared to arteries, veins
Definition
Term
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
Definition
Term
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
Definition
Term
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
Definition
Term
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
Definition
Term
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
Definition
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
Term
Which of the following breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Which of the following breaks the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Definition
Term
Pulmonary veins carry blood to the
Pulmonary veins carry blood to the
Definition
Term
The intrinsic pathway of the coagulation phase:
The intrinsic pathway of the coagulation phase:
Definition
proceeds with the assistance of PF-3.
Term
The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the ________.
Definition
Term
The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein.
The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein.
Definition
Term
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
Definition
Term
After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.
After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery.
Definition
Term
Definition
the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.
Term
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.
Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein.
Definition
Term
Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
Definition
Term
Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drain into a(n)
Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drain into a(n)
Definition
Term
At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the ________ vein.
At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the ________ vein.
Definition
Term
The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein.
The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein.
Definition
Term
The brachiocephalic trunk branches to form which of the following?
The brachiocephalic trunk branches to form which of the following?
Definition
right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
Term
Branches off the aortic arch include the
Branches off the aortic arch include the
Definition
Term
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein.
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein.
Definition
Term
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the
The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the
Definition
Term
Veins of the brain empty into
Veins of the brain empty into
Definition
Term
The two common iliac veins form the
The two common iliac veins form the
Definition
