organization

a systematic arrangement of people

brought together to accomplish

some specific purpose

operatives

People who work directly on a job or task

 and have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others

managers

Individuals in an organization who direct the activites of others

first-line managers

supervisors responsible for directing

the day-to-day activities of operative employees

middle managers

individuals who are responsible for making decisions about the direction of the organization and establishing policies that affect all organizational members

management

the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people

efficiency

means doing the task correctly; refers to the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs

management processes

planning, organizing, leading and controlling

planning

 includes defining goals, establishing  stategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities

organizing

Includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made

Leading

 includes motivating employees, directing the activites of others, selecting the most effective communication channel, and resolving conflicts

controlling

the process of monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations

managerial roles

Specific categories of managerial behavior; often grouped under three primary headings:  interpersonal relationships, transfer of information, and decision making