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| a desired future state that the organization attempts to realize |
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| a blueprint specifying the resource allocations, schedules, and other actions necessary for attaining goals |
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| the act of determining the organization’s goals and the means for achieving them |
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| the organization’s reason for existence |
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| a broadly stated definition of the organization’s basic business scope and operations that distinguishes it from similar types of organizations |
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| broad statements of where the organization wants to be in the future; pertain to the organization as a whole rather than to specific divisions or departments |
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| goals that define the outcomes that major divisions and departments must achieve for the organization to reach its overall goals |
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| specific, measurable results expected from departments, work groups, and individuals within the organization |
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| plans developed at the organization’s lower levels that specify action steps toward achieving operations goals and that support tactical planning activities |
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| a visual representation of the key drivers of an organization’s success, showing the cause-and-effect relationships among goals and plans |
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| management by objectives (MBO) |
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| a method of management whereby managers and employees define goals for every department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance |
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| plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future |
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| ongoing plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organization |
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| plans that define the company responses to specific situations, such as emergencies, setbacks, or unexpected conditions |
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| looking at trends and discontinuities and imagining possible alternative futures to build a framework within which unexpected future events can be managed |
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| central planning department |
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| a group of planning specialists who develop plans for the organization as a whole and its major division and departments and typically report directly to the president or CEO |
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| managers work with planning experts to develop their own goals and plans |
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| a reasonable yet highly ambitious, compelling goal that energizes people and inspires excellence |
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| a cross-functional group of managers and employees who work together to gain a deep understanding of a specific competitive issue and offer insight and recommendations for planning |
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