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| plans 1 year or less long |
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| set broad, comprehensive, and longer-term action directions for the entire organization |
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| define what needs to be done in specific areas to implement strategic plans |
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| Policies and procedures that are designed for repeated use |
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| Broad guidelines for making decisions and taking action in specific circumstances |
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| Plans that describe exactly what actions are to be taken in specific situations |
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| Only used once to meet the needs and objectives of a well-defined situation in a timely manner |
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| Single-use plans that commit resources to activities, projects, or programs |
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| One-time activities that have clear beginning and end points |
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| Identifying alternative courses of action that can be implemented to meet the needs of changing circumstances; contain trigger points |
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A long-term version of contingency planning.
Identifying alternative future scenarios.
Plans made for each future scenario.
Increases organization’s flexibility and preparation for future shocks |
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Use of external comparisons to better evaluate current performance and identify possible actions for the future.
Adopting best practices of other organizations that achieve superior performance |
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| Management by Objectives (MBO) |
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A structured process of regular communication.
Supervisor/team leader and workers jointly set performance objectives.
Supervisor/team leader and workers jointly review results |
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| a comprehensive action plan that identifies long-term direction for an organization and guides resource utilization to accomplish organizational goals with sustainable competitive advantage |
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| focusing all organizational energies on a unifying and compelling goal |
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| the process of formulating and implementing strategies to accomplish long-term goals and sustain competitive advantage |
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| process of analyzing the organization, the environment, its competitive position and current strategies |
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| operating with an attribute or set of attributes that allows an organization to outperform its rivals |
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| Sustainable competitive advantage |
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| competitive advantage that is difficult for competitors to imitate |
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| sets long-term direction for the total enterprise |
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| identifies how a division or strategic business unit will compete in products or services |
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| guides activities within one specific area of operations |
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| the process of crafting strategies to guide allocation of resources |
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| putting strategies into action…by organizing, leading, and controlling |
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