Term
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Definition
| Any substantive modification to some aspect of an organization |
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Term
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Definition
1. Intentionality: planned and unplanned
2. Source: innovative and imitative
3. Scope: transformational and incremental |
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Term
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Definition
1. Recognize the need o oppotunity for change
2. Unfreeze- prepare for change
3. Change- implementation
4. Refreeze- institutionalize the change |
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Term
| Member's confidence in managers |
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Definition
1.develop and display the skills needed for change
2. model the desired behaivior and not fall back to previous pattern
3. demonstrate integrity and be consistent in their actions to gain members commitment to change
4. utilize good planning skills |
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Term
| Member's confidence in their own ability |
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Definition
1. demonstrate good communication skills. Provide enough information so expectations are clear.
2. provide training to enhance behavior needed for change
3. provide appropriate resources and time for members to adapt to their new responsibilities |
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Term
| Member's attitude toward change |
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Definition
1. persuade members that change is good
2. provide extrinsic incentives such as bonuses and pay raises
3. select or promote those people that have a personality that will work well with change |
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Term
| Mainstream approach to change |
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Definition
Change is top-down. Managers decide on the content of change and ensure it is properly enforced.
-reduces resistance to change
-creates openness and willingness to change |
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Term
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Definition
| The willingness to exceed high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by efforts ability to satisfy some need |
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Term
| Key components of motivation |
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Definition
1. effort
2. needs
3. organizational goals |
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Term
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Definition
The unique and relatively stable pattern o behavior, thought and emotion given by individuals
Rooted in an individuals biological make-up much more than individuals background or upbringing |
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Term
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Definition
| people are inherently lazy, dislike work, will avoid working hard, and prefer to be directed rather than accepting responsinbility |
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Term
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Definition
| Work is as natural as play and that people are inherently motivated to work and that people will feel unfulfilled if they do not have the opportunity to work and contribute to society |
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Term
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Definition
| People like to be a member of a group and will work most productively in stable groups |
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Term
The Big five Model
Extraversion |
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Definition
| sociable, adventurous, talkative, assertive |
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Term
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Definition
| good-natured, cooperative, trustful, not jealous |
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Term
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Definition
| achievement oriented, responsible, persevering, dependable |
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Term
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Definition
| intellectual, original, imaginative, cultured |
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Term
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Definition
| calm, placid, poised, not neurotic |
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Term
| Job Characteristics model |
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Definition
| Specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the autonomy, feedback and meaningfulness associated with the job. |
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Term
Meaningfulness of JCM
Skill variety |
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Definition
| The degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so the worker use different skills and talents |
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Term
| Step two to change process |
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Definition
1. Response: buy in/ create dissonance
2. Push tactics: burning platform
3. Pull tactic: inspirational, opportunity appeal |
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Term
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Definition
| A psychological force that helps explain what arouse, directs and maintains human behavior |
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Term
Innate Needs
Maslow Hierarchy |
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Definition
Self- actualization
Esteem
Love
Safety
Physiological |
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Term
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Definition
the presence or absence of sources of job disatisfication
-pay, working conditions |
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Term
Herzberg Theory
Motivation |
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Definition
The presence or absence of sources of job satisfaction
-interesting work, autonomy, responsibility |
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Term
Meaningfulness of JCM
Task Identity |
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Definition
| the degree to which the job requires completion of a whole identifiable piece of work |
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Term
Meaningfulness
Task Significance |
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Definition
| the degree to which the job affects the lives or work of other people |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which the job provides freedom, independence and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which carrying out the work activities by the job results in the individuals obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of their performance |
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Term
Desire for Achievement
Self-Efficacy |
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Definition
| A persons belief that they able to complete a task successfully |
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Term
Desire for achievement
Self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Definition
| subordinates live up (or down0 to the expectations of their managers |
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Term
Desires for achievement
Expectancy Theory |
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Definition
| Motivation depends on an individuals learned expectations about their ability to perform a certain task and achieve the desired result |
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Term
Expectancy
"Can I achieve the goal?" |
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Definition
| The perceived probability that exerting a certain level of effort will result in a certain level of performance |
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Term
Instrumentality
"What will I get if I achieve the goal?" |
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Definition
| the perceived probability that performing at a certain level results in a desired and specific outcome |
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Term
Valency
"Do I value what I get?" |
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Definition
| the value an individual attaches to an outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| source of motivation that comes from doing the work or activity itself |
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Term
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Definition
| source of motivation that comes from factors outside the task itself |
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Term
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Definition
a response or consequence linked to a behavior
(extinction is removal of a reinforced behavior) |
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Term
| Hot Stove principles for Punishment |
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Definition
Punishment is immediate: hot to the touch
Punishment provides specific information: what's hot and what's not
Punishment is consistent: everyone gets burned
Punishment is directed towards the person's actions not their personality: burn the hand not the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizational commitment: motivational force that binds a person to a particular organization |
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Term
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Definition
Benefits of affective commitment: Lower turnover costs
increased productivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle of exchange: People are motivated by affiliations if they receive benefits that are in their self-interests |
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Term
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Definition
Legitimate power
Reward Power
Coercive Power
Expert Power
Referent Power |
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