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Management ch16
Motivation Theory and Practice
52
Management
Undergraduate 3
03/29/2016

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Term
Motivation
Definition
accounts for the level, direction and percistence of effort expended at work
Term
need
Definition
is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological
Term
Lower-order needs
Definition
are physiological safety, and social needs in Mas low's hierarchy
Term
Higher-order needs
Definition
are esteem and self-actualization needs Maslows hierarchy
Term
The deficit principle
Definition
states that a satisfied need does not motivate behavior
Term
The progression
Definition
states that a need isn't activated until the next lower level is satisfied
Term
existence needs
Definition
are desires for physical well being
Term
Relatedness needs
Definition
are desires for good interpersonal relationships
Term
Growth needs
Definition
are desires for personal growth and development
Term
frustration-regression principle
Definition
states that an already satisfied need can become reactivated when a higher need is blocked
Term
Motivation
Definition
accounts for the level, direction and percistence of effort expended at work
Term
need
Definition
is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological
Term
Lower-order needs
Definition
are physiological safety, and social needs in Mas low's hierarchy
Term
Higher-order needs
Definition
are esteem and self-actualization needs Maslows hierarchy
Term
The deficit principle
Definition
states that a satisfied need does not motivate behavior
Term
The progression
Definition
states that a need isn't activated until the next lower level is satisfied
Term
existence needs
Definition
are desires for physical well being
Term
Relatedness needs
Definition
are desires for good interpersonal relationships
Term
Growth needs
Definition
are desires for personal growth and development
Term
frustration-regression principle
Definition
states that an already satisfied need can become reactivated when a higher need is blocked
Term
Satisfier Factor
Definition
Is found in job content, such as challenging and exciting work,recognition, responsibility, advancement opportunities, or personal growth.
Term
Hygiene Factor
Definition
is in the job context, such as working conditions , interpersonal relations, organizational policies , and compensation.
Term
Need for achievement
Definition
is the need to do something better, solve problems, or to master complex task.
Term
Need for power
Definition
is the desire to control influence , or be responsible for other people.
Term
Need for affiliation
Definition
is the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people.
Term
over-reward inequity
Definition
(Positive iniquity) an individual perceives that the rewards are more than what is deserved.
Term
under-reward inequity
Definition
(negative inequity) an individual perceives that rewards are less than what is fair.
Term
Equity Sensitivity
Definition
reflects that people have different preferences for equality and react differently to perceptions of inequity
Term
Expectancy
Definition
Is the beliefe that someone who works hard will result in high work performance
Term
Instrumentality
Definition
Is a persons belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance
Term
Valence
Definition
is a value that a person applies to work-related outcomes
Term
The Law of Effect
Definition
State that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated
Term
Operant Conditioning
Definition
is the control of behavior by manipulating its Consequences
Term
Positive Reinforcement
Definition
strengthens behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
Negative reinforcement
Definition
strengthens behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
Punishment
Definition
Discourages behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
Extinction
Definition
discourages behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence
Term
Shaping
Definition
is positive reinforcement to successfully approximate to the desired behavior
Term
Continuous Reinforcement
Definition
rewards each time a desired behavior occurs
Term
Intermittent reinforcement
Definition
Rewards behavior only periodically
Term
Law of contingent reinforcement
Definition
is that a reward should only be given when desired behavior occurs
Term
Law of immediate reinforcement
Definition
is that reward should be given as soon as possible after desired behavior occurs
Term
Job simplification
Definition
employs people in clearly defined and specialized task with narrow job scope
Term
Automation
Definition
the total mechanization of a job
Term
Job rotation
Definition
increases task variety shifting workers between different jobs
Term
Job enlargement
Definition
increases task variety by combining into one job two or more task previously done by separate wokrers
Term
Job enrichment
Definition
increases job depth by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor
Term
Flexible work hours
Definition
give employee some choice in daily work hours
Term
Compress workweek
Definition
allows a full-time job to be completed in less than five days
Term
Job sharing
Definition
splits one job between two people
Term
telecommunicaiting
Definition
involves working from home or outside the office for at least part of the time
Term
Contingency workers
Definition
are employed on a part time and temporary basis to supplement a permanent work force
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