Term
Procyon lotor
Raccoon
skull id |
|
Definition
Teeth: 40
Alisphenoid canal absent
poorly developed carnassials
Heterodont
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/2
top of skull less rounded |
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Term
Ursus americanus
American Black Bear
skull id |
|
Definition
claws of front feet less than 60 mm long
last upper molar shorter than 31 mm
longer than wide
first lower molar shorter than 20.4 mm
poorly developed carnassials
mastoid process at least as large as parocciptal process
Teeth:42 alisphenoid canal present
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Heterodont |
|
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Term
Ursus arctos: horribilis
middendorffi
Brown (Grizzly) Bear
skull id |
|
Definition
Dished in face
claws of front feet greater than 60 mm
last upper molar longer than 31 mm
first lower molar longer than 20.4 mm
poorly developed carnassials
mastoid process at least as large as parocciptal process
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Ursus maritimus
Polar bear
skull id |
|
Definition
larger canines
diastema between canines and premolars
Heterodont |
|
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Term
Eumetopia jubatus
Steller Sea Lion
skull id |
|
Definition
Large diastema between upper molars and premolars
quadrate postorbital process
no underfur
3/2 1/1 4/4 1/1
alisphenoid canal present
large nuchal crest
well-formed sagittal crest
cheek teeth unicuspid
homodont |
|
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Term
Zalophus californianus
California Sea Lion
skull id |
|
Definition
Rostrum tapering to point
nasal angle less than 55
premaxillary-nasal suture longer than 13 mm
no underfur
five or six cheek teeth
3/2 1/1 4/4 1/1 or 3/2 1/1 4/4 2/1
no diastema
triangular postorbital process
alisphenoid canal present
cheek teeth unicuspid
homodont |
|
|
Term
Callorhinus ursinus
Northern Fur Seal
skull id |
|
Definition
Blunt rostrum
nasal angle more than 55
premaxillary-nasal suture shorter than 16 mm
six upper cheek teeth
3/2 1/1 4/4 2/1
triangular postorbital process
no diastema
homodont |
|
|
Term
Odobenus rosmarus
Walrus
skull id |
|
Definition
|
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Term
Phoca vitulina
Harbor Seal
skull id |
|
Definition
multicuspid cheek teeth
premaxillary meets nasal bones
3/2 1/1 4/4 1/1
postorbital process absent
alisphenoid canal absent
homodont |
|
|
Term
Mirounga angustirostris
Northern Elephant Seal
skull id |
|
Definition
unicuspid cheek teeth
premaxillary not meeting nasals
2/1 1/1 4/4 1/1
postorbital process absent
alisphenoid canal absent
homodont |
|
|
Term
Canis latrans
Coyote
skull id |
|
Definition
Nose pad less than 25 mm
Anterior-posterior diameter of canine at gumline less than 11 mm
Palantine bone shorter than last molar
Length of fourth upper premolar less than 22 mm
Condylobasal length more than 150 mm
Postorbital process thick and convex
Upper molars wider than long
Mastoid process smaller than jugular process
Teeth: 42
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Alisphenoid canal present
Two upper molars
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Canis lupus
Gray Wolf
skull id |
|
Definition
Nose pad more than 22 mm
Anterior-posterior diameter of canines at gumline more than 11 mm
Palantine bone shorter than last molar
Length of fourth upper premolar more than 22 mm
Condylobasal length more than 150 mm
Postorbital process thick and convex
Upper molars wider than long
Mastoid process smaller than jugular process
Teeth: 42
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Alisphenoid canal present
Two upper molars
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Vulpes vulpes
Red Fox
skull id |
|
Definition
V shaped temporal ridges
Condylobasal length less than 150 mm
Postorbital process thin and concave
Upper molars wider than longer
Mastoid process smaller than jugular process
Teeth: 42
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Alisphenoid canal present
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Grey Fox
skull id |
|
Definition
U-shaped temporal ridges
Condylobasal length less than 150 mm
Postorbital process thin and concave
Upper molars wider than longer
Mastoid process smaller than jugular process
Teeth: 42
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Alisphenoid canal present
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Canis familiaris
Domestic Dog
skull id |
|
Definition
Palantine bone longer than last molars
Orbital angle greater than 50
Zygomaxillary suture nearly straight
Teeth: 42
3/3 1/1 4/4 2/3
Alisphenoid canal present
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Lynx canadensis
Canada Lynx
skull id |
|
Definition
Tail tipped with black on all sides
Presphenoid bone broad
Jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal separate
Teeth: 28
3/3 1/1 2/2 1/1
Short rostrum
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tail tipped with black only on upper side
Presphenoid bone narrow
Hypoglossal canal confluent with jugular forament
Teeth: 28
3/3 1/1 2/2 1/1
Short rostrum
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Puma concolor
Cougar
skull id |
|
Definition
Body length greater than 600 mm
Conylobasal length greater than 110 mm
Teeth: 30
3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1
Short rostrum
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Felis catus
Domestic Cat
skull id |
|
Definition
Body length less than 600 mm
Condylobasal length less than 110 mm
Teeth: 30
3/3 1/1 3/2 1/1
Short rostrum
Heterodont |
|
|
Term
Enhydra lutris
Sea Otter
skull id |
|
Definition
Skull with very wide nasal area
Smooth, flat molars and last premolars
Two lower incisors
3/2 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 32
Four upper cheek teeth
36 teeth
Only one upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Mephitis mephitis
Striped Skunk
skull id |
|
Definition
Dorsal surface of skull is arched
Postorbital process nearly absent, smooth
Rear edge of hard palate about even with posterior end of tooth row
Tympanic bullae small
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
Four upper cheek teeth
Only one upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Spilogale gracilis
Western Spotted Skunk
skull id |
|
Definition
Dorsal surface of skull nearly flat
Postorbital process clearly evident
Rear edge of hard palate about even with posterior end of tooth row
Tympanic bullae are small
Cheek teeth with small cusps
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
Four upper cheek teeth
Only one upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Taxidea taxus
American Badger
skull id |
|
Definition
Upper molar triangular
Condylobasal length greater than 85 mm
Hard palate extends back well beyond last molar
Tympanic bullae large
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
Four upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Mustela vison
American Mink
skull id |
|
Definition
Tympanic bullae flat
Basilar length greater than 50 mm
Condylobasal length less than 85 mm
Upper molar hourglass shaped
Hard palate extends back well beyond last molar
Tympanic bullae large
Cheek teeth with sharp cusps
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
Four upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Mustela erminea
Short-tailed Weasel
skull id |
|
Definition
Postglenoid length more than 49% of condylobasal length
Tympanic bullae more rounded
Basilar length less than 50 mm
Condylobasal length less than 85 mm
Upper molar hourglass shaped
Hard palate extends well beyond last molar
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
One upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Mustela frenata
Long-tailed Weasel
skull id |
|
Definition
Postglenoid length less than 49% of condylobasal length
Tympanic bullae more rounded
Basilar length less than 50 mm
Condylobasal length less than 85 mm
Upper molar hourglass shaped
Hard palate extends well beyond last molar
Three lower incisors
3/3 1/1 3/3 1/2
Teeth: 34
Four upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angle to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Lontra canadensis
Northern River Otter
skull id |
|
Definition
Five lower cheek teeth
3/3 1/1 4/3 1/2
Teeth: 36
Five upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angle to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Gulo gulo
Wolverine
skull id |
|
Definition
Greatest length of skull more than 130 mm
Skull wide
Six lower cheek teeth
3/3 1/1 4/4 1/2
Teeth: 38
Five upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angle to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Martes pennanti
Fisher
skull id |
|
Definition
Blunt postorbital process
Condylobasal length more than 90 mm
Length of upper carnassial greater than 9.5 mm
Greatest length of skull less than 130 mm
Six lower cheek teeth
3/3 1/1 4/4 1/2
Teeth: 38
Five upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
|
|
Term
Martes americana
American Marten
skull id |
|
Definition
Postorbital processes pointed
Condylobasal length less than 90 mm
Length of upper carnassial less than 9.5 mm
Greatest length of skull less than 130 mm
Six lower cheek teeth
3/3 1/1 4/4 1/2
Teeth: 38
Five upper cheek teeth
One upper molar at right angles to tooth row |
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