Term
| What is the overwhelmingly most energy abundant fuel source in the body? |
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Definition
| Fat (adipose triglycerides) |
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Term
| What is the hormonal effects of fasting and how do they manipulate energy consumption? |
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Definition
1. A decreased insulin/glucagon ratio
2. This leads to an increase is triglyceride, glycogen, and protein breakdown |
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Term
| How are substrates dispersed among body tissues in the presence of starvation |
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Definition
1. To maintain glucose levels in glucose-requiring tissues
2. To mobilize free fatty acids from adipose to supply energy to other tissues |
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Term
| What happens in skeletal muscle during fasting? |
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Definition
1. Resting muscles use free fatty acids as an energy source
2. Exercising muscles use glycogen as an energy source
3. During extended exercise skeletal muscles tend to use ketone bodies more for energy
4. Increased protein breakdown provides amino acids as gluconeogenic precursors |
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Term
| What happens in the liver during fasting? |
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Definition
1. Increased degradation of glycogen
2. Increased gluconeogenesis
3. Increased FFA oxidation
4. Increased ketone body synthesis for brain energy use |
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Term
| How does energy consumption in the brain vary with time during a fast? |
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Definition
1. First few days, glucose is used exclusively
2. During a prolonged fast, ketone bodies are used instead as the primary fuel (spares amino acids) |
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