Term
| What prevents reflux of urine into the ureter |
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Definition
| Pressure from a filling bladder due to oblique entry of ureter into bladder and detrusor muscle contraction |
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Term
| Passage of a kidney stone produces pain in what regions? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What autonomic fibers carry innervation for the ureters? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does the urinary bladder receive the ureters? |
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Definition
| Angles of the smooth-walled trigone |
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|
Term
| What are the parts of the bladder? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the urinary bladder from the pubic bones? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What condensation of parietal pelvic fascia supports the bladder? |
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Definition
| Pubovesical ligaments (females), puboprostatic ligaments (males) |
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|
Term
| What supplies blood to the bladder? |
|
Definition
| Superior and inferior vesical arteries (vaginal artery in females) |
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|
Term
| The superior vesical arterie is a branch off of what artery? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The inferior vesical/vaginal artery supplies blood to what portion of the bladder? |
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Definition
| Fundus and neck of the bladder |
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|
Term
| In males, the vesical venous plexus is continuous with what other plexus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vesical venous plexus and prostatic venous plexus drains blood from what structures in males? |
|
Definition
| Fundus of the bladder, prostates, seminal vesicles, ductus deferens, penis |
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|
Term
| What are the roots for the sympathetic fibers that innervate the bladder? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the roots for the parasympathetic fibers that innervate the bladder? |
|
Definition
| S2-4 via inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
| The urethra traverses the prostate gland as what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The membranous portion of the male urethra in the deep perineal pouch is surrounded by what? |
|
Definition
| External urethral sphincter |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Seminiferous tubules of the testes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Body of the epididymis of the testes |
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|
Term
| The closed peritoneal sac covering the testes is known as what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The tough outer surface of the testes is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fibromuscular band attaches to the caudal pole of the testes and guides their descent to the future scrotum during development? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What suspends the testes in the scrotum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the contents of the spermaitc cord? |
|
Definition
| Ductus (vas) deferens, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics |
|
|
Term
| What supplies blood to the testes? |
|
Definition
| Testicular artery from the abdominal aorty at L2 |
|
|
Term
| What drains blood from the testes? |
|
Definition
| Pampiniform plexus becomes the testicular vein at the deep inguinal ring |
|
|
Term
| Where do the right and left testicular veins drain into? |
|
Definition
| Inferior vena cava and left renal vein respectively |
|
|
Term
| Elongation and dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins due to defective valves is known as what? |
|
Definition
| Varicocoele of spermatic cord ("bag of worms") |
|
|
Term
| How is hydrocoele within the cavity of the tunica vaginalis detectable? |
|
Definition
| Reddish glow upon transillumination |
|
|
Term
| A sperm filled cyst near the head of the epididymis is known as what/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does lymph drain to from the testes? |
|
Definition
| Lateral (para-aortic) nodes |
|
|
Term
| The tail of the epididymis becomes what structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What transmits spermatosoa from their storage site in the body of the epididymus to the ejaculatory duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the ductus deferens enter the abdominal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The artery to the ductus deferens usually arises from where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ductus deferens ends when it joins what other structure? |
|
Definition
| Duct of the seminal vesicle, forms the ejaculatory duct |
|
|
Term
| The enlarged terminal portion of the ejactulatory duct is known as what? |
|
Definition
| Ampulla of the ductus deferens |
|
|
Term
| The tortuous, coiled tube with numerous dilations between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum is known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the seminal vesicles contribute to the seminal fluid? |
|
Definition
| Thick, alkaline fluid containing fructose |
|
|
Term
| The ejaculatory duct traverses the posterior part of the prostate to separate it into what divisions? |
|
Definition
| Middle lobe and posteriorlobe |
|
|
Term
| Where does the ejaculatory duct open into the prostatic urethra? |
|
Definition
| Seminal colliculus near the prostatic utricle |
|
|
Term
| What produces a thin, milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase to seminal fluid at the time of ejaculation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is prostatic fluid alkaline? |
|
Definition
| Helps neutralize the acidity of the vagina |
|
|
Term
| What are the divisions of the prostate gland? |
|
Definition
| Anterior muscular zone (anterior lobe), right and left lobes |
|
|
Term
| Each prostate gland lobe has what lobule divisions? |
|
Definition
| Inferposterior lobule, inferolateral lobule, superomedial lobule, anteromedial lobule |
|
|
Term
| What does prostate cancer arising in the posterior lobe tend to obstruct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate cancer usually affects what parts of the prostate? |
|
Definition
| Peripheral zones (posterior and lateral lobes) |
|
|
Term
| Lymphatic drainage of the prostate is mainly via what nodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a potential risk in undergoing a prostatectomy? |
|
Definition
| Damage to the parasympathetic prostatic nerve plexus may cause impotency |
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|
Term
| The transverse rectal folds used to support fecal matter in the rectum are known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how the rectum is covered by peritoneum |
|
Definition
| Upper 1/3 covered anteriorly and medially, middle 1/3 only anteriorly, lower 1/3 not covered |
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|
Term
| What controls the internal anal sphincter? |
|
Definition
| Contracts under sympathetic control, relaxes under parasympathetic control |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the voluntary external anal sphincter? |
|
Definition
| Inferior rectal nerves (S4) |
|
|
Term
| What supplies blood to the rectum? |
|
Definition
| Superior, middle, and inferior rectal arteries |
|
|
Term
| Where do the superior and inferior rectal arteries branch from? |
|
Definition
| Inferior mesenteric and internal pudendal arteries respectively |
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|
Term
| Of the superior, middle, and inferior rectal veins, which drains into the portal venous system via the inferior mesenteric vein instead of the caval venous system? |
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Definition
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