Term
| What is the fx of the prostate gland? |
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Definition
| To release fluids and control fluid release. |
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Term
| What is benign prostatic hyperplasis (BPH)? |
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Definition
| Increase in the amount of epithelial & stromal tissue. |
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Term
| The exact cause of BPH is unknown but what 2 things are thought to cause it? |
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Definition
1. Excessive accumulation of androgen.
2. Age - occurs in 50% of men over 50 years of age and in 90% of men over 80 years of age. |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of BPH? |
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Definition
1. Decreased caliber and force of stream.
2. Hesitancy.
3. Dribbling at the end of urination.
4. Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
5. Nocturia.
6. Dysuria.
7. Urgency. |
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Term
| BPH causes an increased risk for what 2 things. |
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Definition
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Term
| UTI can lead to what severe condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 6 diagnostic studies of BPH? |
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Definition
1. Digital rectal exam.
2. Urine analysis and culture.
3. Serum creatinine and BUN.
4. PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen).
5. Urodynamic flow studies.
6. Cystourethroscopy. |
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Term
| What are the 2 drug therapies for BPH? |
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Definition
1. Hormonal manipulation (androgen).
2. Alpha-adrenergic blockers. |
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Term
| What is the name of the drug given in hormonal manipulation of BPH? |
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Definition
Proscar.
*Important to tell patients that it can take up to 6 months to see response from drugs like this. |
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Term
| What are the 3 alpha-adrenergic blockers drugs used to treat BPH and what are the side effect? |
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Definition
Drugs:
1. Minipress.
2. Cardura.
3. Hytrin.
Side Effects:
1. Orthostatic hypotension.
2. Dizziness. |
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Term
| What are the 2 conservative therapies used to treat BPH? |
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Definition
1. Stents/prostatic balloon.
2. Foley catheters. |
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Term
| What is the invasive therapy used to treat BPH? |
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Definition
| Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). |
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Term
| What are the 5 pre op nursing diagnoses for patients undergoing TURP? |
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Definition
1. Pain.
2. Fear related to sexual dysfunction.
3. Possible diagnosis of cancer.
4. Knowledge deficit (surgery).
5. Risk of infection. |
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Term
| What are the 4 post op nursing diagnoses for patients undergoing TURP? |
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Definition
1. Pain related to bladder spasms.
2. Urge incontinence related to poor sphincter control.
3. Potential for hemorrhage.
4. Hyponatremia. |
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Term
| What are the 3 pre op nursing interventions for patients undergoing TURP? |
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Definition
1. Insert urethral catheter for patients experiencing urinary retention.
2. Treat any UTI.
3. High fluid intake (2-3L/day). |
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Term
| What are the 8 post op nursing interventions for patients undergoing TURP? |
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Definition
1. CBI: Use of 3 way catheter (3rd port is used to remove blood clots).
2. Observe for hemorrhage.
3. Avoid activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure.
4. Relieve bladder spasms.
5. Promote sphincter tone.
6. Monitor for s/s of infection.
7.Dietary interventions, stool softeners.
8. Patient teaching. |
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Term
| What is the most common form of cancer in men and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men after lung cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A malignant tumor of the prostate gland. |
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Term
| Prostate cancer has a higher incidence in men over the age of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What group of men are at a high risk for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rate of growth and trajectory path of prostate cancer? |
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Definition
| Slow growing and usually begins in the posterior or lateral portions of the prostate. Spreads to pelvic bones, femur (bones), lymph, lower spine, liver, and lungs. |
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Term
| What type of cancer is prostate cancer? |
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Definition
| Androgen dependent adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
| What are the clinical symptoms of prostate cancer? |
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Definition
1. Asymptomatic in early stage.
2. Symptoms are similar to BPH.
3. Prostate feels hard, enlarged, and fixed on rectal exam.
4. Pain in the lumbrosacral area with radiation down the hips and legs (metastasis).
5. Distant metastasis and pain management issues. |
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Term
| What are the 2 prostate cancer surgical options? |
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Definition
1. Suprapubic prostatectomy.
2. Retropubic prostatectomy. |
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Term
| Which surgical option has a greater risk for bladder spasms? |
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Definition
| Suprapubic prostatectomy. |
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Term
| What are not common complications of prostate cancer surgery? |
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Definition
1. Impotence.
2. Urinary incontinence. |
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Term
| What are 3 non surgical treatments for prostate cancer? |
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Definition
1. Brachytherapy.
2. Hormone therapy.
3. Chemotherapy. |
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Term
| What are 5 complications to watch out for with post op prostate surgery? |
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Definition
1. Hemorrhage.
2. Infection.
3. Bladder spasms.
4. Urinary incontinence.
5. Erectile dysfunction. |
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Term
| What are 4 nursing diagnoses to watch out for with post op prostate surgery? |
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Definition
1. Pain.
2. Urinary retention.
3. Sexual dysfunction.
4. Anxiety. |
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Term
| What are the 2 classifications of ED? |
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Definition
1. Organic (physiologic).
2. Functional (psychologic). |
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Term
| What are the 10 organic causes of ED? |
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Definition
1. Inflammation of prostate, urethra, or seminal vesicle.
2. Surgery.
3. Pelvic fractures.
4. Lumbosacral injuries.
5. Vascular disease.
6. Chronic neuro conditions.
7. Endocrine disorders.
8. Smoking & alcohol.
9. Drugs.
10. Poor overall health. |
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