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Male and Female Reproduction
key terms of reproduction
59
Anatomy
12th Grade
05/25/2009

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Cards

Term
Uterus
Definition
site for implantation, hollow muscular organ, site of embryonic development
Term
Endometrium
Definition
inner lining of uterus
Term
Myometrium
Definition
muscle lining of uterus
Term
uterine tube
Definition
fertilization site, egg and sperm transport
Term
fimbrae
Definition
attaches ovary to uterine tube
Term
Vagina
Definition

hollow musclar tube

penis entry

fetus exit

Term
uterine cycle
Definition
series of changes in the uterus
Term
ovarian cycle
Definition
series of changes in the ovary
Term
cryptorchidism
Definition
failure of testes to descend
Term
Oogenesis
Definition
formation of immature oocyte
Term
hCG
Definition
Contains corpus luteum
Term
cervix
Definition

protects uterus

secretes acids to kill pathogens

Term
follicle
Definition
immature oocyte
Term
testosterone
Definition

causes testes to descend

male sex hormone

Term
FSH
Definition
Causes formation of mature egg
Term
LH
Definition

Causes ovulation

testes release testosterone

Term
Interstitial Cells
Definition

secretes testosterone

found in testes

Term
oxytocin
Definition
stimulates uterine contractions during labor
Term
Inhibin
Definition
prevents over secretion of gonadotrophins
Term
scrotum
Definition
subcutaenous layer surrounding and protecting testes
Term
gubernaculum
Definition
muscles that causes testes to descend
Term
vas deferens
Definition
sperm transport from testes to penis
Term
seminal vesicle
Definition
secretes fructose to sperm energy
Term
Prostate Gland
Definition

secretes alkaline solution

increases sperm

Term
Bulbourethral Gland
Definition
secretes fluid for lubrication
Term
Epididymis
Definition
storage for sperm
Term
Ovaries
Definition
primary female reproductive organ
Term
Testes
Definition

produce sperm

secrete testosterone

Term
Nitric Oxide
Definition
Vasodilator
Term
Suspensory Ligament
Definition

contains blood vessels

dense connective tissue

Term
Ovarian Ligament
Definition
Dense connective tissue in ovaries
Term
Trophoblast
Definition
secretes hCG
Term
Corpus Luteum
Definition
secretes progesterone to main uterine lining during first 7 week of pregnancy
Term
Estorogen
Definition
female sex characteristics
Term
Progesterone
Definition
secreted from corpus luteum to main uterine lining
Term
Cremaster
Definition

muscle that casues testes to go up into scrotum

 

Its function is to raise and lower the scrotum in order to regulate the temperature of the testis and promote spermatogenesis

Term
Dartos Muscle
Definition
causing contraction of the scrotum, as when experiencing a cool environmental temperature.
Term
Describe Artificial Insemination
Definition
Donor places donated sperm in womans reproductive tract. Sperm bank freezes and stores donated sperm to provide to a physician. Woman can select sperm from personal characteristics profile.
Term
Describe In Vitro Fertilization
Definition

Sperm = egg outside of body

Fertilized ovum splits 3 times and is introduced to egg donor. Sperm is injected with tiny needle in female cell.

Term
What are some birth defects that can arise from alcohol?
Definition
small head, mis-shapen eyes, flat face and nose grows slowly
Term
Describe the effects of cigarette smoking on a fetus:
Definition

poor growth before and after birth

can cause still birth, prematurity and low birth weight

Term
Describe how an oral contraceptive, such as birth control works:
Definition

prevents ovuation and implantation...

rapid release of estrogen in the blood inhibits the release of FSH and LH, preventing follicular growth.

Term
Describe the rhythm method and why it's failure rate is high:
Definition
no intercourse during fertile times, it is difficult to do and hard to predict
Term
As birth approches __________ levels decrease
Definition
progesterone
Term
stretching uterine tissue stimulates release of ________ .
Definition
oxytocin
Term
oxytocin stimulates ________ .
Definition
uterine contractions
Term
_______ _______ stretches uterus.
Definition
fetal head
Term
positive feedback results in stronger and stronger _____________ and greater release of oxytocin.
Definition
contractions
Term
What begins the 6th day of development?
Definition
implantation
Term
What helps form the placenta andv secretes hCG?
Definition
Trophoblast
Term
Describe the stage of fertilized ovum:
Definition
12-24 hours after, zygote forms
Term
Describe the state of cleavage:
Definition
30 hours to third day, mitosis increases cell number
Term
Describe the stage of Morula:
Definition
3rd to 4th day, solid ball of cells
Term
Describe the stage of Blastocyst:
Definition
5th day through 2nd week, trophobast and inner cell mass form
Term

Describe the stage of Gastrula:

 

Definition
end of 2nd week, primary germ layers form
Term
What happens in fetal development from the 9th week to the 12th week?
Definition
ossification centers appear, sex organs differentiate, fetal limbs begin to move.
Term
What happens in fetal development from the 13th week to the 16th week?
Definition
body grows rapidly, ossification continues
Term
What happens in fetal development from the 17th week to the 20th week?
Definition
muscle movements stronger, skin is covered with lanugo and vernix caseosa
Term
What happens in fetal development from the 21st week to the 38th week?
Definition
body gains weight, fat deposited, eyebrows and eyelashes appear, eyelids open, testes descend
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