Term
| What is the stage of malaria that invades humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage does malaria enter in the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stage infects human blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stages does malaria go through within the RBC? |
|
Definition
| Ring stage, trophozoite, schizont, lyse cell |
|
|
Term
| What stages does malaria go through within the mosquito? |
|
Definition
| Gametocyte, zygote, ookinete, oocyst, sporozoite |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of malaria? |
|
Definition
High fever and chills
anaemia
Severe headache
Blockage in blood capillaries in brain-sequestration
Coma and seizures
Death |
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages vaccines and drugs try to target? |
|
Definition
Blood stage
Within mosquito gut
Liver stage |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most common malaria drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors contributing to spread of drug resistance? |
|
Definition
self treatment
poor compliance
mass administration
long drugs half life - exposure of parasite to subtherapeutic drug concentrations
Transmission intensity - re-infection while drugs are at sub therapeutic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates sexual commitment by causing the histone to dissociate from the chromatin - making pfap2g active |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A histone deacetylase (remember gr) activates heterochromatic, valiantly expressed genes such as var and regualtes the expression required for intiation of sexual conversion. Creates a molecular link between antigenic switching and sexual commitment. It is required for the activation of HP1 and Ap2G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of a regulatory network - transcriptional repressor in both asexual and sexual blood stages |
|
|
Term
| What are the major steps in ookinete formation? |
|
Definition
1. Sexual commitment from asexual cells ( Ap2G, HP1, HDAC and AP2-G2)
2. Activation of gametocyte (CDPK4)
3. Cell division cycle protein in the cell division of male gametogenesis( CDC20)
4. Adhesion of male gamete to activated female gamete(P48/45)
5. Motility of male gamete and fusion of the male and female gametes membrane( PF16, Hap2)
6. Fertilisation of the male and female nucleus and zygote formation (Nek4,Nek2
7. Zygote differentiates to ookinete (PPKL)
8. Oookinete gets motile and crosses the gut wall.(CDPK3,SHLP1) |
|
|
Term
| What is Circiumsporozoite protein involved in? |
|
Definition
Sporozoite morphogenesis
Sporozoite egress from oocyst
Salivary gland invasion
hepatocyte invasion
liver stage develpopment |
|
|
Term
| Which region of CS is important for salivery gland invasion and which for sporozoite motility? |
|
Definition
| 1 and 2 are responsible for salivary gland invasion, 2 is also important for hepatocyte invasion and sporozoite motility |
|
|
Term
| What proteins are important for the sporozoite invasion of the salivary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sequestration of infected RBCs in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A brown crystalline toxic product of Hb digestion that the parasite stores in a food vacuole |
|
|
Term
| How would small molecule inhibitors kill the parasite and what are the pros and cons? |
|
Definition
Interfering with one or more essential pathways
Pros: have worked in other infections
In the rodent form this results in a dramatic reduction in parasite viability
Cons - selectivity over host enzyme may be an issue |
|
|
Term
| What is N-myristoyl transferase (NMT)? |
|
Definition
| An enzyme that adds a myristate to the N terminal glycine of protein substrates by peptide bond formation - the adding the myristate means it can stick to the membrane and insert itself into the cell |
|
|
