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Definition
-integral proteins
-enzyme that synthesizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cyclic AMP (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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| signal bind to and affect the cell that makes it |
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Definition
- in gap junction it is the protein channel that link adjacent animal cells.
-made up of 6 proteins |
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Definition
| receptors in the cytoplasm |
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Definition
-compound form from atp that mediates the effect of numerous animal hormone
-form from adenylate cyclase
- important second messenger
activates protein kinase A, which goes on the phosphorylate certain cellular proteins. |
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Definition
-intracellular messenger that is involve in g protein transmission pathways
-dervived from GTP
-activates intracellular protein kinases
-catalyzed by guanylate cyclase (GC), which converts GTP to cGMP |
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Term
| calmodulin/ calmodulin kinase |
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Definition
| CaM) is a ubiquitous, calcium-binding protein that can bind to and regulate a multitude of different protein targets, thereby affecting many different cellular functions. CaM mediates processes such as inflammation, metabolism, apoptosis, muscle contraction, intracellular movement, short-term and long-term memory, nerve growth and the immune response. |
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Definition
| membrane extension that connects the endoplasmic reticulum of two plant cells,that transverse the plasmodesmata |
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Term
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Definition
glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.
-diacylglycerol (DAG) remains within the plasma membrane, due to its hydrophobic properties. IP3 stimulates the release of calcium ions from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whereas DAG is a physiological activator of protein kinase C (PKC) |
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Definition
| protein responsible for a cellular response |
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Definition
| "molecular switches," alternating between an inactive guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and active guanosine triphosphate (GTP) bound state, ultimately going on to regulate downstream cell processes. |
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Definition
connects nearby cells
-Dissolved substances such as ions or glucose can pass through the gap junctions.
-Ca++ control of gap junction opening
-high lvl of Ca++= close gap junction
-low lvl of Ca++= open gap junction |
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Definition
-creates cGMP
-transmembrane protein
soluble GC
-involved in vasodilatation
-receptor for NO |
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Term
| direct/ indirect transduction |
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Definition
-direct occurs on the membrane
-indirect involves a second messenger |
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Term
| inositol triphosphate (IP3) |
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Definition
-second messenger derived from membrane phospholipids
- phospholipase C cleaves off IP3, which is a small polar molecule.
-The IP3 diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum, which stores Ca++. The IP3 binds to and opens a ligand gated ion channel that allows Ca++ to move out into the cytosol
website:http://courses.washington.edu/conj/gprotein/ip3.htm |
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Term
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Definition
| any molecule that binds to a receptor site of another usually larger molecule |
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Definition
| unstable molecule serving as a second messenger causing smooth muscles to relax. in the nervous system it acts as a neurotransmitter. |
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Definition
| a substance, hormone, that acts locally near the site of secretion |
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Definition
| a substance, hormone, that acts locally near the site of secretion |
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Term
| PIP2 phosphatidyl inositol-biphosphate |
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Definition
the products obtained by cleavage of PIP3
-PIP2 is a substrate for cleavage with phospholipase C (PLC), a membrane-bound enzyme activated through protein receptors
-Products of this reaction are inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) |
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Definition
| -PLC cleaves a phospholipid to make IP3 and DAG |
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Term
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Definition
small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells.
- Similar to the gap junctions found in animal cells |
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Definition
| receptors within the cytoplasm |
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