Term
| Marbury V. Madison (1803 Marshall) |
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Definition
| Midnight Justices,the court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review |
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Term
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819 Marshall) |
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Definition
| The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the bank of the United States the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States |
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Term
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824 Marshall) |
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Definition
| Established that the state o new York could not grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by congress.Clarified the commerce clause and affirmed Congressional power over interstate commerce |
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Term
| Scott v. Sanford (1857 Taney) |
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Definition
| Speaking for a widely divided court, Chief Justice Taney ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen and had no standing in court Scott's residence in a free state and territory had not make him free since he returned to Missouri; Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in a territory (based on the 5th Amendment right of a person to be secure from seizure of property), thus voiding the Missouri Compromise of 1820. |
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Term
| U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895) |
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Definition
| due to a narrow interpretation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, the court undermined the authority of the federal government to act against monopolies. |
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Term
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal" |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas (1954 Warren) |
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Definition
| Unanimous decision declaring "separate but equal" unconstitutional |
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Term
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966 Warren) |
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Definition
| The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent |
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Term
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Definition
| The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on the 4th amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons. |
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