Term
| What are the four types of macromolecules? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
|
|
Term
| Give two examples of polysaccharides. |
|
Definition
Cellulose - main component of cell wall in plants.
Starch- energy storage in animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are macromolecules able to be used as energy reserves inside cells? |
|
Definition
| Lipids are very dense and ploysaccharides are able to become less soluble as they grow so that they do not disrupt water salt balance int he cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The catalysts that allow the thousands of reactions in a cell to occur. |
|
|
Term
| What are enzymes made of and how are they defined from one another? |
|
Definition
| Made of proteins, the individual amino acids of the protein define the differences in them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reactant in the reaction that a enzyme will catalyse. |
|
|
Term
| What is specificity when talking about enzymes and why is it important in the metabolic pathway? |
|
Definition
| An enzyme will only affect one particular reaction and every step in the metabolic pathway is catalysed by a different specific enzyme. |
|
|
Term
| What gives enzymes specificity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are intracellular and extracellular enzymes different? |
|
Definition
Intracellular: produced and function within the cell.
Extracellular: produced by cells but act outside of them. |
|
|
Term
| Are chemical reactions reversible? What does this mean? |
|
Definition
| Yes, they can be performed such that the reactants and products are swapped. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the region on the surface of an enzyme molecule with a particular shape, into which only a substrate molecule with a complementary shape will fit. |
|
|
Term
| WHat is the enzyme -substrate complex? |
|
Definition
| The molecules of the enzyme and substrate locked together as the reaction occurs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Primary source of energy, structural support of plants. |
|
|
Term
| What are some carbohydrates and where are they found? |
|
Definition
Chitin: forms the exoskeleton of arthropods and insects and the cell walls of various fungi.
Chistosan: found in the cell wall of other fungi.
Glycogen and Starch: store glucose in insoluble form. |
|
|
Term
| What are proteins made up of? |
|
Definition
| One or more polypeptide chains which are made up of amino acids. |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of proteins? |
|
Definition
Movement(cytoskeleton)
Support
Catalysts (enzymes)
Transport (haemoglobin transmits oxygen)
Communication (receptor molecules, hormones)
Part of the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are the different structure levels of proteins? |
|
Definition
Primary: sequence of amino acids
Secondary: the local folds and twists in its structure
Tertiary: the entire 3D strcture of a polypeptide chain.
Quaternary: 3D shape resulting from multiple polypeptide chains together. |
|
|
Term
| What are lipids made up of? |
|
Definition
| Fatty acids and glycerol (triglycerides...whaaaat? :P) |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of lipids? |
|
Definition
Stored energy
Insulation
Vital to cell membrane structure as phospholipids
Steroid hormones for communication |
|
|
Term
| What are the basic unit of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What elements are nucleic acids made up of? |
|
Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus |
|
|
Term
| What are the four DNA nucleotide bases? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine |
|
|
Term
| What are the four nucleotide bases of RNA? |
|
Definition
| Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine |
|
|
Term
| WHat are the three segments of a DNA nucleotide? |
|
Definition
| Base, Sugar(deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. |
|
|
Term
| What sugar does RNA have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
Store genetic information.
Code for making proteins |
|
|
