Term
| General Composition of Respiratory System |
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Definition
Air conduction portion - nasal cavities, associated paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Respiratory portion - bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
- gas exchange
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Term
What separates the two nasal cavities, and what does each cavity contain?
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Definition
| The septum separates both nasal cavities, which consist of the vestibule and respiratory region |
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Term
| What is the vestibule and what kind of cells line its surface? |
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Definition
air enters the vestibule after passing through the naris or nostril it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized) on external portion, and stratified squamous non-keratinized on internal portion |
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Term
| What type of lining does the respiratory region contain? |
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Definition
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells also contains seromucous cells lamina propria is rich in superficial venous plexus |
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Term
What is the lining of the nasopharynx? What are some features of the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Adenoids Eustachian tubes open into the nasopharynx |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the abundant mucosa associated lymphoid tissue located deep to the nasopharynx epithelium |
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Term
| What are four types of cells found in the Olfactory epithelium? |
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Definition
1. basal cells - mitotically active and produce immature olfactory neurons 2. differentiating olfactory neurons - arise from the basal cells; proliferate during adult life; diffferentiate into mature olfactory neurons 3. mature olfactory neurons (bipolar) - highly polarized, apical region directed toward mucosal lining and possesses 10-20 modified cilia; axon forms at its basal region; axons pass through cribriform plate to synapse on cells of the olfactory bulb 4. sustentacular cells - supporting
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Term
What is the olfactory gland (of Bowman) and where is it located?
Does it have immune function? |
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Definition
It secretes serous fluid containing odorant-binding protein (OBP), which carries odorants to receptors on the modified cilia
The serous fluid it secretes also contains lysozyme and IGA for immune functioning
It is located deep to the epithelium |
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Term
What type of cells line the larynx?
What is the larynx rich in that would contribute to allergic reactions? |
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Definition
stratified squamous epithelium covers the lingual aspects of the epiglottis and true vocal cords
the remainder of the larynx is covered by pseudostratified ciliated columnar type epithelium containing goblet cells
Important note: except on the true vocal cords, the lamina propria contains numerous seromucous glands and mast cells; the mast cells are clinically relevant because they particpate in hypersensitivity reactions |
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Term
| What type of cells line the trachea and bronchi? |
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Definition
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Identifiable cell types include columnar ciliated cells, basal cells, and goblet cells Elastic fibers are present in the lamina propria Submucosa contains mucous and serous glands |
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Term
| What are the cell types (5) found in the trachea and bronchi? (some were mentioned on previous card) |
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Definition
1. Ciliated columnar cells 2. Basal cells - stem cell population giving rise to other cell types listed 3. Intermediate cells - stem cells in process of differentiation 4. Goblet cells - most numerous in mainstem and lobar bronchi 5. Neuroendocrine cells - located on basement membrane; clear cytoplasm and dark nuclei; most numerous in smaller bronchi and fetal bronchi |
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Term
| What types of cells can be found in the submucosa of the bronchial tree? |
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Definition
| smooth muscle, seromucous glands, collagen, elastic fibers, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
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Term
Where are clara cells present? What are they? |
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Definition
They are present and most numerous in the terminal bronchioles. They are non-ciliated and do not produce mucous |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of alveoli? |
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Definition
150-400 million per lung open into either an alveolar duct or an alveolar sac thin walled, containing pulomonary capillaries, basement membrane, Type I and II pneumocytes Pores of Kohn provide direct communication between adjacent alveoli |
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Term
| Type I vs. Type II pneumocytes? |
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Definition
Type I: form 90% of alveolar surface Type II: more abundant in cell number, but make up only 10% of alveolar surface Type II appear rounded, whereas Type I do not. |
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