Term
|
Definition
| The treaty, signed by Spain and Portugal in 1494, that moved the line separating Spanish and Portuguese territory in the non-Christian world and gave Portugal a claim to Brazil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spanish soldier and explorer who conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-1521)
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spanish soldiers who conquered the Indian civilizations of Mexico, Central America, and Peru |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spanish soldier and explorer who conquered the Incas and claimed Peru for Spain in 1533
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Indian civilization, based in present-day Peru, that ruled peoples in the lands from northern Ecuador to central Chile until the Spanish conquest.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A captain who owned his own ship and hired his own crew and was authorized by his government to attack and capture enemy ships. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| English courtier, soldier, and adventurer who attempted to establish the Virginia Colony. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
English Colony that Raleigh planted on an island off North Carolina in 1585; the colonists who did not return to England had disappeared without a trace by 1590.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secular municipal council that provided local government in Spain;s New World empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relating to a system in which landowners held broad powers over peasants or tenant farmers in exchange for their loyalty and for protection from abuse by others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of bonded labor in which Indians were assigned to Spanish plantation and mine owners in exchange for the payment of a tax and an agreement to "civilize" and convert them to Catholicism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A statement delivered in Spanish explaining the obligations of Indian people to the king of Spain and to the church and requiring their cooperation; Indians who failed to accept the statement could be killed or enslaved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French explorer who traced the St. Lawrence River inland to the Great Lakes, founded the city of Quebec, and formed the French alliance with the Huron Indians.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The colony established by France in what is now Canada and the Great Lakes region of the United States
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[image]
HOMES = Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Independent French fur traders who lived among the Indians and sold furs to the French; literally, "runners of the woods." |
|
|
Term
| French West India Company |
|
Definition
| Company of investors that became profitable by ignoring royal orders and engaging in fur trade in Canada. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A French government official who directed colonial judicial and commercial affairs. |
|
|
Term
| Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle |
|
Definition
French explorer who followed the Missippi River from its origin in present day Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico in 1683, giving France a claim to the entire river-way and adjoining territory.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
French colony south of New France, it included the entire area drained by the Mississippi River and all its tributary rivers.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dutch ship captain and explorer who sailed up the Hudson River in 1609, giving the Netherlands a claim to the area now occupied by New York.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch investment company formed in 1621 to develop colonies in North America. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A huge grant of land given to any Dutchman who, at his own expense, brought fifty colonists to New Netherland; the colonists became the tenants of the estate owner. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The name of the colony founded by the Dutch West India Company in present-day New York; it's capital was New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, one of the five boroughs of present-day New York City.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Swedish fur-trading community established with the assistance of the Dutch on the Delaware River in 1638 and absorbed by New Netherland in 1655
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peasants who were bound to a particular estate but, unlike slaves, were not the personal property of the estate owner and received traditional feudal protections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spaniard who conquered New Mexico and claimed it for Spain in the 1590's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pueblo Indian community that resisted Spanish authority in 1598 and was destroyed by the Spanish
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(also known as Pope's Rebellion)
Indian rebellion against Spanish authority in 1680 led Pope; succeeded in driving the Spanish out of New Mexico for nearly a decade.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spanish Colonial town established in 1609; eventually the capital of the province of New Mexico
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First Colonial city in the present-day United States; located in Florida and founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles for Spain in 1565 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confederacy of Indians living in the Southeast (most of present day Georgia and Alabama); formed after the spread of European diseases to permit cooperative economic and military system among survivors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dutch trading post established near present-day Albany, New York. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Algonkian-speaking Indians who lived along the Hudson River. They were dispossessed in a war with the Iroquois Confederacy, and eventually were all but exterminated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The American bison, a large member of the ox family, native to North America and the staple of the plains Indian economy between the fifteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Algonkian-speaking Indians from the Canadian subartic who moved onto the Great Plains in the sixteenth century. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Collectively the Sioux Nation; the Lakotas were the western branch, living mostly on the Great Plains, and the Dakotas were the eastern branch, living mostly in the prairie and lakes region of the Upper Midwest
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farming that produces enough food for survival but does not produce a surplus that can be sold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In colonial times, a term referring to anyone of European or African heritage who was born in the colonies; in Louisiana, a term referring to the ethnic group that was the result of intermarriage by people of mixed languages, races, and cultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An urban, mound-building Indian people who lived in the lower Mississippi River until they were destroyed in a war with the French in the 1720's; survivors joined the Creek Confederacy
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An urban, mound-building Indian people who lived on the lower Mississippi River and became a society of hunters after the change in climate and the introduction of disease after 1400; they were successful in resisting French aggression throughout the colonial era. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Like Chickasaw, a mound-building people who became a society of hunters after 1400; they were steadfast allies of the French and helped them in wars against the Natchez and Chickasaws |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Independent Dutch fur traders; literally "wood runners" |
|
|
