Term
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Definition
Building blocks in synthesis
Fix CO2
MOST PATHO bacteria ARE THIS |
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Term
Chemoautotroph
Photoautoroph |
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Definition
Oxidation/reduction inorganic ions
use light energy |
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Term
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Definition
use Carbs, Protein, Fats
Nurteirnts, geno, medium all determin type of phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
Complex growth requirements (picky-eater)
easy to grow (eat anything) |
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Term
| Special Ionic requirements |
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Definition
| Non-halophiles and Halophiles (Salt Loving) |
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Term
| Medical significant of inorganic requriemnts |
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Definition
all need Fe+
Its a limiting Agent
Innate immune removes excess Fe so bacteria cant grow |
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Term
|
Definition
Cryophile (Psychrophiles) - Less 20 (frige NOT ok to keep sterile)
Mesophile - 35-36
Thermophiles - MORE 55 |
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Term
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Definition
| able to tolerate atmospheric levels of O2. |
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Term
| Aerobes & Faculatitive anaerobes |
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Definition
can grown with O2 b/c
-They have Superoxide dismutase (SOD) detox O2
-Catalase detox H2O2 to get H2O & O2 |
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Term
Obligate Aerobes
Microaerophilic
Facultative Anaerobes |
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Definition
-Require O2 (Mycobacterium)
-Require some O2 (Campylobacter)
-Presence OR absence of O2 (enteric bacteria) MOST PATHO |
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Term
Aerotolerant Anaerobes
Olbigate Anaerobes |
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Definition
Survive in presence O2 (Lactobacillus)
Killed in O2 (Clostridium) |
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Term
| Respiration of Metabolism |
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Definition
Provide energy via Proton Motive Force for ATP synthesis
recycling NADH2 --> NAD |
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Term
| what process is Respiration?? |
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Definition
Respiration is enzymatic process
-MUST occur in a membrane vesicle or sack (enzyme-membrane bound complex) |
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Term
2 types of Respiration?
terminal electron acceptor? |
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Definition
Aerobic - O2 terminal electron acceptor
Anaerobic - Inorganic compounds (if too much NO3 will convert to NO2. Fetus can get MetHb) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete oxidation of a carbon substrate. Less efficient then respritaion |
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Term
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Definition
| make lactic acid --> Dental Carries. |
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Term
Lactobacillus
(acidification) |
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Definition
| make lactic acid in skin and vagina |
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Term
Propionibacterium
acidification |
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Definition
| propionic acid in skin and vagina |
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Term
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Definition
| acidic and anaerobic (Rx does not work in low pH, low pH kills surrounding tissue) Tx drain and expose to O2 (RCT) |
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Term
| Hydrogen Lyase...end prodcuts? and what does it act on? |
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Definition
end - H2, CO2, 4 carbon compounds
recycles ferredoxin to oxidized form |
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Term
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Definition
cause gas gangrene - make H2 (insoluble in tissue)
separatning muscle tissues, collapses blood vessels,
HELPING CREATE ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS |
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Term
Dextrans
synthesized from what element by what bacteria? |
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Definition
| from sucrose by Streptococcus mutans |
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Term
|
Definition
| water soluble (noncarigenic plaque) |
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Term
|
Definition
| insoluble (Cariogenic plaque) |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolyzes urea makeing ammonia (NH4) and CO2 |
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Term
Proteus spp.
(IN urine)
& calculi |
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Definition
responsible for UTI)
ammonia production increased pH from 6 to 7 (alkaline pH Ca & NH4 form salts makes calculi (kidney stones) |
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Term
|
Definition
| makes urease generated NH4. raises microenvironment pH so it can grown. causes stomach ulcers |
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Term
| Phases in the growth curve |
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Definition
Lage - no # change
Exponential/Log - growth in GT time (time for pop to double)
Satationary - no NET # change (same die as made)
Death/decline - more death occurs -pop drops |
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Term
|
Definition
short GT - rapid growth = high Ag (inhibitors of protein peptidoglycan synthesis more effective then slow)
long GT - chronic = low Ag |
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Term
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Definition
| controls its own replication |
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Term
|
Definition
-in bacterial cytoplasm (extra-chromosmal)
-double starnd circular DNA
-each daughter gets 1 copy of each partent plasmi
-host range
-differ in genes they carry |
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Term
Conjugative Plasmids
R factors
Virulence plasmids |
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Definition
Conjugative -mechanism of plasmid transfer (sex pilus)
R-encode for drug resistance
Virulence - encode virulence factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Viruses whihc infect bacteria some exist in latent state. prophage intergraes into host genes or works as plasmid in cytoplasm |
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Term
Lysogenized
(Bacteriophage) |
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Definition
| Latent Phages. in contrast with phages that only go through lytic cycle (lyse) |
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Term
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Definition
| ALL cells in pop respond to environmental stimuli in SAME way. make new pheno (NO geno change) |
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Term
|
Definition
| bacteria able to detect size of own pop (bacteria communication) |
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Term
|
Definition
Genome of one or more cell is altered
Mutation (internal)
Horizontal Gene transfer (gene from EXTERNAL sources..virus)
Bacteria with more beneficial mutation will be selected (DARWIN) |
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Term
|
Definition
Recipient cell genes encode for the mechanism of transformation.
Donor lysis lets DNA go. its taken up by competent cell (MUST be homolgous DNA) |
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Term
|
Definition
cell mate - DNA copy is transerred from Donor to recipient during plasmid DNA replication (single strand made to double)
-limited host range |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic info moved from one bacterium to antoher by a bacteriophage |
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Term
Transduction
lytic & temperate phage |
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Definition
lytic - infected host lyses and releases nerw progeny.
temperate - 1. enter lytic stage
2. become latent (lysogenizing bacterium) |
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Term
Transduction
temperate phage - LATENT VIRUS |
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Definition
1 -remain as plasmid in cytoplasm OR
2- insert into host cell DNA
either case. prophage DNA replicates with host DNA and passed to daughter. can later enter lytic cycle |
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Term
|
Definition
a bacterium exhibits new pheno due to having prophage, that encodes for new phenotype
-can carry genes for toxin production
limit host range |
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Term
|
Definition
| Positive match = same # and size plasmids |
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Term
|
Definition
Amplification of DNA (if only RNA must convert w/ reverse transcriptase to get cDNA)
Genetic defect - in human chromosome
genetic marker (neoplams) in cancer Pt. |
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