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Definition
| In multicellular organisms, one of many types of secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning. |
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Definition
| Cells with receptors to the hormones. |
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Definition
| A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the interstitial fluid, from which they diffuse into the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary(neurohypophysis) |
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Definition
| An extension of the hypothalamus composed of nervous tissue that secretes oxytocin and an antidiuretic hormone made in the hypothalamus; a temporary storage site for these hormones. |
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Definition
| A hormone that is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary and that has both direct (nontropic) and tropic effects on a wide variety of tissues. |
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by pancreatic beta cells that lowers blood glucose levels. It promotes the uptake of glucose by most body cells and the synthesis and storage of glycogen in the liver and also stimulates protein and fat synthesis. |
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Definition
| A small gland on the dorsal surface of the vertebrate forebrain that secretes the hormone melatonin. |
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| An endocrine glad, located on the ventral surface of the trachea, that secretes two iodine-containing hormones, tri-iodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4), as well as calcitonin. |
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Definition
| Any of four small endocrine glands, embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, that secrete parathyroid hormone. |
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Definition
One of two endocrine glands located
adjacent to the kidneys in mammals. Endocrine cells in the outer portion(cortex) respond to ACTH by secreting steroid hormones that help maintain homeostasis during long-term stress. Neurosecretory cells in the central portion(medulla) secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to nervous inputs triggered by short-term stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain; functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors that regulate the anterior pituitary. |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary(adenohypothysis) |
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Definition
| Portion of the pituitary that develops from nonneural tissue; consists of endocrine cells that synthesize and secrete several tropic and nontropic hormones. |
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Term
| FSH(follicle-stimulating hormone) |
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Definition
| A tropic hormone that is produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary and that stimulates the production of eggs by the ovaries and sperm by the testes. |
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates the release of thyroid hormones. |
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Definition
| A gland with the following dual functions: The nonendocrine portion functions in digestion, secreting enzymes and an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct; the ductless endocrine portion functions in homeostasis, secreting the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood. |
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Definition
| A hormone secreted by pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose levels. It promotes glycogen breakdown and release og glucose by the liver. |
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Definition
| Any steroid hormone, such as testosterone, that stimulates the development and maintenance of the male reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. |
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Definition
| Any steroid hormone, such as estradiol, that stimulates the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. |
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Definition
| Any steroid hormone with progesterone-like activity. |
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Definition
| An endocrine disorder marked by inability to maintain glucose homeostasis. The type 1 form results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting cells; treatment usually requires daily insulin injections. The Type 2 form most commonly results from reduced responsiveness of target cells to insulin; obesity and lack of exercise are risk factors. |
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