Term
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Definition
large reactive lymphocytes, activated by exposure to antigen
increased cytoplasmic width
"atypical lymphocytes"
large granular lymphocytes |
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Term
| recognize the size, nuclear and cytoplasmic appearance of mature circulating lymphocytes |
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Definition
cytoplasm: slightly basophilic, light blue, a few azurophilic granules, a few mito, free polyribosomes
indented nucleus, is very large for cell size |
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Term
Peripheral Blood Smear – recognize and define natural killer cells.
-what cells do they attack
-surface markers? |
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Definition
large granular lymphocytes
10-15% of lymphocytes in peripheral blood
lyse other cells w/o prior sensitization
attack tumor cells, cells infected w/ virus, others - they're the initial defense
CD16 (FC R for IgG), CD56
-ADCC
share a common progenitor with T lymphocytes but don't develop in thymus
lack TCR and B lymphocytes Ig
eccentric nucleus, scattered azurophilic granules |
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Term
| Peripheral Blood Smear – recognize and define plasma cell. |
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Definition
an activated B cell, can secrete Ab, the end cell of B-lymphocyte differentiation
grey-blue cytoplasm, enlarged clear area next to nucleus (perinuclear golgi apparatus)
-abundant RER (basophilic)
low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
"clockwheel" nucleus |
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Term
| Plasma cells – recognize ____________ as a malignancy of plasma cells. |
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Definition
multiple myeloma
smear of BM aspirate: lots of plasma cells with eccentric nuclei, perinuclear halo of clearer cytoplasm
*monoclonal proteins* - usually plasma cells secrete a vast array of different Ig, but myeloma cells may produce a monoclonal protein, with the same identity and impaired function
-difficulty fighting off infection
-hypercalcemia, extensive skeletal damage, osteolytic lesions |
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Term
| Peripheral Blood Smear – recognize and define lymphoblast. |
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Definition
immature lymphocytes, reside in BM
abnormal mononuclear cells, don't normally circulate in peripheral blood
"nondescript"
no cytoplasmic granulations |
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Term
| Peripheral Blood Smear – recognize and define smudge cells. |
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Definition
fragile cells that are disrupted in the process of making the smear, not diagnostic
associated with fragile lymphocytes in *CLL* |
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Term
| Peripheral Blood Smear – define Se`zary cell. |
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Definition
cerebriform T lymphocytes
medium-large lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei, scant cytoplasm
Sezary syndrome: a tumor of CD4+ T cells, marked predilection to involve the skin
-characteristic cerebriform nuclei |
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Term
| Peripheral Blood Smear – define Hairy Cells |
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Definition
Leukemic B lymphocyte
seen only in Hairy Cell Leukemia
fine, hairlike cytoplasmic projections and/or irregular pseudopods
round or folded nucleus
pale blue agranular cytoplasm |
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Term
| Maturation of Lymphocytes – recognize all programmer lymphocytic cells originate in __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Malignant Lymphocytes – describe the malignant lymphocytes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; describe the morphologic differences. |
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Definition
ALL: neoplasia of immature/precursor B or T lymphocytes (lymphoblasts)
-85% are precursor B-cell tumors with extensive BM, variable PB involvement, childhood
-less common precursor T-cell ALL present in adolescent males as solid tumors often with thymic involvement
-homogenous, quasi-normal appearing small lymphocytes with scant cytoplasm, round nucleus, clumped chromatin
CLL: neoplasia of small mature B (less often T) lymphocytes
-more often seen in adults
-lymphocytosis, monoclonal lymphocytes
-most often an indolent B cell malignancy
-T-cell: proliferating T cells are large with highly cerebriform nuclei, usually CD4, aberrant expression of T cell Ag |
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Term
| Lymphocyte Neoplasia – Define and differentiate leukemia and lymphoma. |
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Definition
represent a block at a specific stage in development of B or T lymphocytes
lymphomas: diseases of nodal lymphocytes (LN, thymus, spleen)
-solid tumors
leukemias: derived from BM cells; neoplastic cells may circulate in blood and secondarily colonize other tissue (LN, spleen, etc) |
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Term
| principal causes of lymphocytosis |
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Definition
acute infectious mononucleosis, whooping cough
-EBV: 95% are T-lymphocytes
chronic bacterial infections (tb, brucellosis)
taxoplasmosis |
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Term
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Definition
EBV glycoprotein binds CD21 on B cells
activated B cells disseminate in circulate, secrete Ab
immune response is mediated by CYTOTOXIC CD8+ T CELLS and NK cells
ATPYICAL LYMPHOCYTES seen in blood are mainly CD8 T cells, also include CD16+ NK cells |
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