Term
| Consists of two semi-independent parts |
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Definition
| Lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues and organs |
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Term
| What are the lymphatic system functions? |
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Definition
Transports escaped fluids back to the blood
Plays essential roles in body defense and resistance to disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Excess tissue fluid carried by lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| What are properties of the lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
One way system toward the heart
No pump
Lymph moves toward the heart |
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Term
| What are properties of the lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
Walls overlap to form flap-like minivalves
Fluid leaks into lymph capillaries
Fluid is forced along the vessel |
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Term
| What is the process of the lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
Collect lymph from lymph capillaries
Carry lymph to and away from lymph nodes
Return fluid to circulatory veins near the heart |
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Term
| What are harmful materials that enter lymph vessels? |
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Definition
Bacteria
Viruses
Cancer Cells
Cell Debris |
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Term
| What is the function of the lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| Filter lymph before it is returned to the blood |
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Term
| What do the lymph nodes use to filter the lymph? |
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Definition
Defense cells within lymph nodes
macrophages-engulf and destroy foreign substances
Lymphocytes-provide immune response to antigens |
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Term
| What is the flow of lymph through nodes? |
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Definition
Lymph enters the convex side through afferent vessels
flows through a number of sinuses
Lymph exits through efferent vessels
Fewer efferent than afferent causes flow to be slowed |
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Term
| What other organs contribute to lymphatic function? |
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Definition
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils
Peyer's Patch |
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Term
| Where is the spleen located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the spleen? |
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Definition
| Filters blood, destroys worn out blood cells |
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Term
| Where is the Thymus Gland located? |
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Definition
| Low in the throat, overlying the heart |
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Term
| What is the function of the thymus gland? |
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Definition
| Produces hormones like thymosin to program lymphocytes, functions peak levels only during childhood |
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Term
| Where are the tonsils located? |
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Definition
| In small masses of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx |
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Term
| What is the function of the tonsils? |
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Definition
| Trap and remove bacteria and other foreign materials |
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Term
| What are Peyer's Patches located? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of Peyer's Patch? |
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Definition
| Capture and destroy bacteria in the intestine |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue (MALT)? |
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Definition
| As as a sentinel to protect respiratory and digestive tracts |
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Term
| What are the two different defense system our bodies have for foreign materials? |
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Definition
Innate (nonspecific)
Adaptive (Specific) |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific resistance to disease |
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Term
Protect against a variety of invaders
Responds immediately to protect body from foreign materials |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| specific defense is required for each type of invader |
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Term
| What are innate body defenses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of innate body defenses? |
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Definition
Intact Skin
Mucous membranes
Specialized human cells
Chemicals produced by the body |
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|
Term
Physical barrier to foreign materials
Provides protective secretions |
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Definition
| Skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
secretes hydrochloric acid
has protein-digesting enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
Natural killer cells
Inflammatory response
Phagocytes
Antimicrobial proteins
Fever |
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Definition
| Defense system cells and chemicals: Second Line of Defense |
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Term
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells |
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Definition
disintegrate kill cancer cells
can destroy virus infected cells |
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Term
| What triggers and inflammatory response? |
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Definition
| When body tissues are injured |
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Term
| Four most common indicators of acute inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the inflammatory response? |
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Definition
Prevents spread of damaging agents
disposes of cell debris and pathogens through phagocytes
sets the stage for repair |
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Term
| What is the process of the inflammatory response? |
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Definition
Neutrophils migrate to the area
squeeze through capillary walls by diapedesis
gather in the precise site of tissue injury and consume any foreign material present |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutrophils and macrophages, engulf foreign materials and lysosomes digest |
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Term
| Monocytes become macrophages and complete disposal of cell debris |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Activated when they encounter and attach to cells, damage foreign cell surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins secreted by virus-infested cells, bind to healthy cell surface to interfere with the ability of viruses to multiply |
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Term
| What is responses to a fever? |
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Definition
| hypothamlamus, fever also increases the speed of tissue repair |
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Term
| What are the three aspects of adaptive defense |
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Definition
| antigen specific, systemic, memory |
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Term
| What are the types of immunity? |
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Definition
Humoral
Cellular
Antigens
Allergies |
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Term
| What is humoral immunity? |
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Definition
| antibody-mediated immunity, provided by antibodies present in body fluids |
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Term
| What is cellular immunity? |
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Definition
| cell-mediated immunity, targets virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts |
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Term
| What are examples of common antigens? |
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Definition
Foreign proteins
nucleic acids
large carbohydrates
lipids
pollen
microogranisms |
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Term
|
Definition
Small molecules-haptens
may recognize and respond
immune response is harmful rather than protective because it attacks our own cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Originate from hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow |
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Term
| Where do b lymphocytes become immunocompetent? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do T lymphocytes become immunocompetent? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Macrophages secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of lymphocytes respond to a Humoral Immune Response? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A second exposure causes a rapid response, the secondary response is stronger and longer lasting |
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Term
|
Definition
Naturally acquired during bacterial and viral infections
artificially acquired from vaccines |
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Term
| What is passive immunity? |
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Definition
Antibodies obtained from someone else,
a mother to her fetus, immune serum or gammma globulin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Soluble proteins secreted by B cells |
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|
Term
| What are the five major immunoglobulin classes? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| important in activation of B cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can cross the placental barrier and fix complement |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Cell-Mediated Immune Response |
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Definition
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells
Specialize in killing infected cells
Helper T cells
Recruit other cells to fight the invaders |
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Term
| What are the major types of grafts? |
|
Definition
Autografts
Isografts
Allografts
Xenografts |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue transplanted from one site to another on the same person |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tissue grafts from an identical person |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tissue take from an unrelated person |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tissue taken from a different animal species |
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Term
|
Definition
Immediate hypersensitivity
Delayed hypersensitivity |
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Term
| Triggered by release of histamine from IgE binding to mast cells, anaphylactic shock |
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Definition
| Immediate hypersensitivity |
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|
Term
Triggered by the release of lymphokines from activated helper T cells
Symptoms appear 1-3 days later |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| white matter of brain and spinal cord are destroyed |
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Term
|
Definition
| impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles |
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Term
| Destroys pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Impairment of renal function |
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|
Term
| Except for thymus and spleen, the lymphoid organs are poorly developed before birth |
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Definition
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