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Definition
| functions to return interstitial fluid (Called lymph)to the blood stream |
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| lymphatic vessels transport |
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Definition
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Definition
| are housed in lymphatic organs |
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| lymphatic system generates |
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Definition
| an immune response and increases the lymphocyte population |
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| lymph vessels return lymph |
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Definition
| to the venous bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
Pick up interstitial fluid (leaked plasma)
Fluid is called lymph when it enters the capillaries |
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Definition
| Empty lymph back into venous circulation |
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Term
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Definition
Close-ended tubes
Overlapping endothelial cells form one-way flaps
Occur most everywhere blood capillaries occur
Absent from red bone marrow, CNS, and avascular tissues |
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Definition
(special types of lymphatic capillaries)
Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipids, and lipid-soluble vitamins
GI lymph is called chyle |
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Definition
Receive the lymph from the capillaries
Resemble small veins
Three tunics
Valves |
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Definition
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Definition
| flow away from lymph nodes |
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Term
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Definition
Drain lymph from major body regions
Jugular, Subclavian, Bronchomediastinal, Intestinal, Lumbar |
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Term
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Definition
Thoracic duct
Drains upper left quadrant and lower quadrants
Right lymphatic duct
Drains upper right quadrant
Return lymph to cardiovascular system
Empty at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins |
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Definition
| protect the pharynx from infection |
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Definition
| Fever, chills, sore throat, difficulty swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
advised only if the person has had
6-7 infections in 1 year
Or 2-3 infections per year for several years |
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Term
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Definition
| Thymus, Lymph Nodes, and Spleen |
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Term
| Lymphatic Organs consist of: |
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Definition
Lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix
Form layers with inner medulla and outer cortex
ARE completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule |
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Term
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Definition
Large in infants and young children
After puberty it begins to shrink
Each lobe has a cortex and medulla
Cortex contains immature T-cells, nurse cells, and some macrophages
Medulla contains epithelial cells and mature T-cells |
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Term
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Definition
filter antigens from lymph
initiate immune responses |
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Term
| lymph node cortex contains |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes, Dendritic cells |
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Term
| lymph node medulla contains |
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Definition
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Term
| location of lymph node clusters |
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Definition
Axillary (armpit)
Inguinal (groin)
Cervical (neck)
Cisterna chyli |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Contains lymphatic cells
Initiates an immune response when antigens are found |
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Definition
Functions as a blood reservoir
Macrophages phagocytose bacteria and carry out hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Edema due to lymph node obstruction
Lymphatic filariasis: worms lodge in lymph nodes (e.g. inguinal)
Surgical removal of nodes
Malignant tumors of nodes
Radiation causing scar tissue
Extreme cases: elephantiasis
Common in Southeast Asia & Africa
Edema is NOT operable or curable |
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Definition
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Definition
Monocytes that have migrated from bloodstream
Phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Helper (CD4)
-Cytoxic (CD8)
--Memory
--Supressor |
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Term
| T- lymphocyte helper (CD4) cells |
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Definition
Initiate and oversee immune response
Present antigens to other cells
Secrete cytokines
Chemical signals that bind to and activate other cells
Targeted by AIDS |
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Term
| T-lymphocyte cytoxic (CD8) cells |
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Definition
| Kill by either secreting substances that break down the invading cell membrane or by triggering cell death |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Respond to one particular antigen by producing immunoglobulins (antibodies)
Antibodies bind to antigens
They tag their targets for destruction by T-cells
Cannot be activated until a Helper T-lymphocyte presents it with an antigen
Once activated create:
Plasma cells (create antibodies)
Memory B-lymphocytes
Secondary immune response is stronger and faster than primary response
Development of immunity |
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Term
| NK (Natural Killer) Cells |
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Definition
NK cells can respond to multiple antigens
Each B and T cell can only respond to a single antigen
NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells |
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Term
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Definition
Malignant neoplasm
Swollen lymph nodes in the groin, cervical, axillary region |
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Term
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Definition
Presence of Reed-Sternberg cell
If caught early prognosis is good
AIDS is a risk factor |
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Term
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Definition
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Passed through intimate contact with infected body fluids
Targets helper T-cells which oversee the body’s immune response |
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Term
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Definition
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An HIV infection is diagnosed as AIDS when helper T-cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3
Drug cocktail can stop disease from progressing but must be taken for life |
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