Term
| 4 ligaments that limit movement of sacro joints |
|
Definition
| anterior sacroilliac, posterior sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, supraspinous |
|
|
Term
| primary ossification centers in vertebra |
|
Definition
| centrum and neural arches (vertebral arch-becomes pedicles and lamina |
|
|
Term
| orientation of erector spinae and transversospinalis from lateral to medial (use acronym) |
|
Definition
| illeocostalis, longissimus, spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores |
|
|
Term
| nerve supply to erector spinae (ILS) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main action of erector spinae (ILS) |
|
Definition
| Acting bilaterally, they extend vertebral column and head; control flexion eccentrically (“action of paradox”); unilaterally they laterally bend vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Broad tendon from iliac crest, posterior sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, and sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes |
|
|
Term
| insertion of illiocostalis |
|
Definition
| angles of lower ribs 6-12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribs between tubercles and angles, transverse processes in thoracic region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| origin of illiocostalis lumborum |
|
Definition
| transverse processes of L1-L4, posterior iliac crest, sacrum, middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thoracis, cervicis, capitis |
|
|
Term
| muscles of the illiocostalis |
|
Definition
| lumborum, thoracis, cervicis |
|
|
Term
| muscles of the longissimus |
|
Definition
| lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, capitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends (both sides), laterally flexes (same side), rotates (same side) the lumbar spine |
|
|
Term
| origin of longissimus lumborum |
|
Definition
| posterior ilium, posterior superior iliac spine |
|
|
Term
| action of longissimus lumborum |
|
Definition
| extends (both sides), laterally flexes (same side) and rotates (same side) the lumbar spine. |
|
|
Term
| insertion of longissimus lumborum |
|
Definition
| dorsal aspect of transverse processes of L1 - L5 |
|
|
Term
| origin of longissimus thoracis |
|
Definition
| posterior medial iliac crest, posterior sacrum, spinous processes of L3 – S3 |
|
|
Term
| insertion of longissimus thoracis |
|
Definition
| transverse processes of T1-T12; ribs 3-12 |
|
|
Term
| action of longissimus thoracis |
|
Definition
| extends (both sides) and laterally flexes (same side) the lumbar spine; laterally flexes thoracic spine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pubococcygeus, puborectalis, illiococcygeus |
|
|
Term
| muscles of the pelvic floor |
|
Definition
| levator ani, coccygeus, obturator internus, piriformis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Borders the pelvic diaphragm posteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arises from the ischial spine and expands to insert on the lateral borders of the lower two sacral and upper two coccygeal segments. |
|
|
Term
| where does the spinal cord end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 parts of the lumbrosacal plexus |
|
Definition
| lumbar, lumbrosacral, sacrococcygeal |
|
|
Term
| nerve roots of lumbar portion of plexus |
|
Definition
| (t12) L1-L4 anterior rami |
|
|
Term
| nerve roots of lubrosacral portion of plexus |
|
Definition
| Anterior rami L4, L5 and S1, S2, S3, (S4) |
|
|
Term
| nerve roots of sacrococcygeal portion of plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| obturator nerve formed by |
|
Definition
| Anterior divisions of L2, L3 and L4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posterior divisions of L2, L3, and L4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior and posterior divisions of L4 and L5 form the lumbosacral trunk, joining the anterior and posterior divisions of spinal nerves S1-S3 |
|
|
Term
| where does the sciatic nerve leave the pelvis? |
|
Definition
| greater sciatic notch, passes laterally through the greater sciatic foramen |
|
|
Term
| where does the femoral nerve terminate |
|
Definition
| femoral triangle by splitting into several branches distal to the inguinal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the obturator nerve pass through and what does it supply? |
|
Definition
| the obturator foramen (with the obturator artery and vein) to supply the medial aspect of the thigh. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femoral and obturator nerves which innervate the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh (m & s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sciatic nerve which emerges posterior of the pelvis (m & s). Largest and longest nerve in the body, innervates posterior and lateral aspects of LE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pudendal nerve and levator ani (m & s). Mnemonic (“S2,3 and 4 keep it up off the floor”) |
|
|
Term
| fibular and what are used interchangably |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iliohypogastric nerve gives sensation to what areas |
|
Definition
| above pubis, posterolateral buttocks, lowest dermatome of anterior body wall |
|
|
Term
| iliohypogastric nerve supplies these muscles |
|
Definition
| Transversus Abdominis and Internal Oblique |
|
|
Term
| ilioinguinal nerve gives sensation to what areas |
|
Definition
| anterior labial or scrotal region |
|
|
Term
| genitofemoral nerve gives sensation to |
|
Definition
| proximal skin of thigh, anterior labial and scrotal area |
|
|
Term
| genitofemoral nerve supplies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accessory Obturator (L2-L4) Inconsistent Nerve |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-L3) gives sensation to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the femoral nerve located? |
|
Definition
| Lies between psoas major and iliacus |
|
|
Term
| femoral nerve gives sensation to |
|
Definition
| Anteromedial thigh, medial leg and foot (via Cutaneous and Saphenous N.) |
|
|
Term
| femoral nerve supplies these muscles |
|
Definition
| Psoas, Iliacus, Pectineus, Rectus Femoris, Quadriceps, Sartorius, Articularis Genu |
|
|
Term
| borders of the femoral triangle |
|
Definition
| Inguinal Ligament, Sartorius Muscle, and Adductor Longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the femoral triangleThe, TAN becomes nerve, artery, vein, empty spot, and lymphatics |
|
|
Term
| The Tibial (L4-S3) nerve gives sensation to |
|
Definition
| Proximal and posterolateral calf (via Sural N.), plantar aspect of foot (via Med and Lat Plantar N.) |
|
|
Term
| the tibial nerve supplies these muscles |
|
Definition
| Extensive-Biceps Femoris LH, Semitendinosis, Semimembranosus, Superficial and Deep Posterior Compartments of Leg, and Foot Intrinsics |
|
|
Term
| Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5-S2) supplies these muscles |
|
Definition
| Obturator Internus, Superior Gemelli |
|
|
Term
| Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4-S1)supplies these muscles |
|
Definition
| Quadratus Femoris, Inferior Gemelli |
|
|
Term
| Pudendal (S2-S4) gives sensation to |
|
Definition
| Perineum via Inferior Rectal, Dorsal N. to penis/clitoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bulbospongiosus, Ischiocavernosus, Urethral sphincter, Urogenital diaphragm, Spincter Ani |
|
|
Term
| Nerve to Coccygeus (S3-S4) supplies |
|
Definition
| Coccygeus and Levator Ani |
|
|
Term
| Common Peroneal (L4-S2) nerve gives sensation to |
|
Definition
| Proximal and distal lateral leg and lateral foot (via Sural and Superficial Peroneal Nn.) |
|
|
Term
| common peroneal nerve supplies |
|
Definition
| Biceps Femoris SH, Anterior and Lateral Compartments of Leg. Extensor Digitorum Brevis |
|
|
Term
| Superior Gluteal (L4-S1)nerve supplies |
|
Definition
| Glutueus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Tensor Fascia Latae |
|
|
Term
| Inferior Gluteal (L5-S2) nerve supplies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve to Piriformis (S2) supplies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1-S3) gives sensation to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of freedom relative to movement exist in the lumbrosacral spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are lumbar vertebra different that thoracic vertebra? |
|
Definition
| they have shorter spinous processes |
|
|
Term
| what are intervertebral joints classified as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the functional unit in relation to lumbar vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| the intervertebral disc and half of the adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the intervertebral disk? |
|
Definition
| nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous end plates |
|
|
Term
| what is the annular lammella made of |
|
Definition
| fibrous outer rings made up of 6-10 circular layers of fibrocartilage. layers of concentric parallel collagen fibers (arranged orthogonally at 65 degrees) |
|
|
Term
| what is the nucleus pulposus |
|
Definition
| a spherical shaped gelatinous mass composes of a network of fine collagen fibers imbedded in a mucopolysaccharide gel |
|
|
Term
| where does the nutrition for the nucleus pulposa come from |
|
Definition
| nutrient channels in the vertebral body |
|
|
Term
| what is degenerate disk caused by? |
|
Definition
| excessive drying of the nucleus pulposa |
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the vertebral body |
|
Definition
| the lumbar artery branches including nutrient arteries |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between a disc herniation and a protrusion? |
|
Definition
| a herniation is when the fibers are disrupted (broken, looks like it's blown out). a protrusion is just a bulge (fibers are intact) |
|
|
Term
| origin of gluteus maximus |
|
Definition
| ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament |
|
|
Term
| insertion of gluteus maximus |
|
Definition
Most fibers end in iliotibial tract that
inserts into lateral condyle of tibia. Some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity
of femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of gluteus maximus |
|
Definition
| Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, and S2) |
|
|
Term
| action of gluteus maximus |
|
Definition
Extends thigh (epsecially from flexed
position) and assists in its lateral rotation. Steadies thigh and assists in rising form
sitting position. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
External surface of ilium between
anterior and posterior gluteal lines |
|
|
Term
| insertion of gluteus medius |
|
Definition
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of
femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of gluteus medius |
|
Definition
| ISuperior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is
raised. |
|
|
Term
| origin of Gluteus Minimus |
|
Definition
External surface of ilim between anterior
and interior gluteal lines |
|
|
Term
| insertion of Gluteus Minimus |
|
Definition
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of
femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Gluteus Minimus |
|
Definition
| ISuperior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1) |
|
|
Term
| action of Gluteus Minimus |
|
Definition
Abducts and medially rotates thigh. Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is
raised. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anterior surface of sacrum and
sacrotuberous ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior border of greater trochanter of
femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Piriformis |
|
Definition
| Branches of ventral rami and S1 and S2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Laterally rotate extended thigh and
abduct flexed thigh. Steady femoral head in acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| origin of Obturator Internus |
|
Definition
Pelvic surface of obturator membrane
and surrounding bones |
|
|
Term
| insertion of Obturator Internus |
|
Definition
Medial surface of greater trochanter
(trochanteric fossa) of femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Obturator Internus |
|
Definition
Nerve obturator internus (L5 and S1)
-Superior gemellus: same nerve supply
as obturator internus
-Inferior gemellus: same nerve supply as
quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
| action of Obturator Internus |
|
Definition
Laterally rotate extended thigh and
abduct flexed thigh
-Steady femoral head in acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| origin of Gemelli Superior and Inferior |
|
Definition
Superior: ischial spine
-Inferior: ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| insertion of Gemelli Superior and Inferior |
|
Definition
Medial surface of greater trochanter
(trochanteric fossa) of femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Gemelli Superior and Inferior |
|
Definition
Nerve obturator internus (L5 and S1)
-Superior gemellus: same nerve supply
as obturator internus
-Inferior gemellus: same nerve supply as
quadratus femoris |
|
|
Term
| action of Gemelli Superior and Inferior |
|
Definition
Laterally rotate extended thigh and
abduct flexed thigh
-Steady femoral head in acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| origin of Quadratus Femoris |
|
Definition
| Lateral border of ischial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| insertion of Quadratus Femoris |
|
Definition
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric
crest of femur and area inferior to it |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Quadratus Femoris |
|
Definition
| Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1) |
|
|
Term
| action of Quadratus Femoris |
|
Definition
Latterly rotates thigh
- Steadies femoral head in acetabulum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pectineal line of femur, just
inferior to lesser trochanter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Femoral nerve (L2 and L3); may
receive a branch from obturator
nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adducts and flexes thigh; assists
with medial rotation of thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae
and discs between them
-Transverse processes of all
lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesser trochanter of femur |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Psoas Major |
|
Definition
Ventral rami of lumbar nerves
(L2 and L3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Act conjointly in flexing thigh
at hip joint and in stabilizing
this joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae
and intervertebral disc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pectineal line, iliopectineal
eminence via iliopectineal
arch |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Psoas Minor |
|
Definition
Ventral rami of lumbar
nerves (L1 and L2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Act conjointly in flexing
thigh at hip joint and in
stabilizing this joint. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Iliac crest, iliac fossa,
ala of sacrum and
anterior sacroiliac
ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tendon of psoas
major, lesser
trochanter, and femur
distal to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Act conjointly in flexing
thigh at hip joint and in
stabilizing this joint. |
|
|
Term
| origin of Tensor of fascia lata |
|
Definition
Anterior superior iliac
spine and anterior part
of iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| insertion of Tensor of fascia lata |
|
Definition
Iliotibial tract that
attaches to lateral
condyle of tibia |
|
|
Term
| innervation of Tensor of fascia lata |
|
Definition
Superior gluteal (L4
and L5) |
|
|
Term
| action of Tensor of fascia lata |
|
Definition
Abducts medially
rotates, and flexes high
- Helps to keep knee
extended
- Steadies trunk on thigh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ASIS and superior part
of notch inferior to
ASIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior part of medial
surface of tibiaPes
Anserine tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Flexes,abducts, and
laterally rotates thigh at
hip joint
- Flexes leg at knee
joint;; medial rotates
tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior longitudinal ligament, Posterior longitudinal ligament, Ligamentum flavum, Interspinous ligament, intertransverse ligament,Supraspinous ligament |
|
|
Term
| Anterior longitudinal ligament does: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior longitudinal ligament does: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| checks flexion and maintains disc pressure (very elastic) |
|
|
Term
| Interspinous ligament does: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intertransverse ligament does: |
|
Definition
| checks lateral flexion (side bending) |
|
|
Term
| Supraspinous ligament does: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament lies: |
|
Definition
on the
anterior surface of each
vertebral body from the
axis to the sacrum. Its deep
fibers attach to the rim of
each vertebral body and
interweave with the
intervertebral disc. |
|
|
