Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: pedicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: laminae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: superior facets (3) |
|
Definition
vertical
concave
facing posterior medial |
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|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: inferior facets (3) |
|
Definition
vertical
concave
facing anterior lateral |
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|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: transverse process |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: spinous process |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra characteristics: vertebral foramen |
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Definition
| triangular larger than thoracic smaller than cervical |
|
|
Term
| why is the vertebral body large |
|
Definition
| indicates the function of supportin compressive loads, GRF's, and mm force |
|
|
Term
| where are the mamillary processes located |
|
Definition
| small bumps on the posterior edge of each facet |
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|
Term
| what is the purpose of the mamillary processes |
|
Definition
| multifidus and intertransverse mm |
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|
Term
| what are the accessory processes |
|
Definition
| small prominences on transverse process |
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|
Term
| purrpose of the accessory processes |
|
Definition
| small prominences on transverse process |
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|
Term
|
Definition
transitional vertebra
wedge shaped (taller anterior than posterior) |
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Term
| characterstic of L5-S1 disc |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lumbosacral articulation angle formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lumbosacral articulation (angle) vary with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an increased Lumbosacral articulation (angle) leased to ____ which leads to ______ |
|
Definition
increased lordosis
increased shearing at L5-S1 |
|
|
Term
| effect of anterior tilt on lumbosacral articulation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of posterior tilt on lumbosacral articulation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| force associated with a posterior tilt on the lumbosacral articulation |
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Definition
| increased compressive force |
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Term
| effect of an anterior tilt on the forces of the lumbosacral articulation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which is the most common disc damaged in regards to derangement |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to the L5-S1 disc is often prceded by what |
|
Definition
| sacral hypo/hypermobility that yields abnormal L5 kinematics |
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|
Term
| L5-S1 disc: what type of force damages the annulus tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| L5-S1 disc: chronic shearing strains the annulus tissue ultimately creating what |
|
Definition
| plastic deformation and failure |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: how is the annulus collagen arranged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: how is the annulus collagen arranged around the nucleus |
|
Definition
| in concentric rings around the nucleus |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: how are teh collagen fibers in adjacent rings oriented |
|
Definition
| in opposite directions 120 degrees to each other |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: the arrangement and structure of the annulus allows for resistance to what motion |
|
Definition
| tensile stretching in all directions |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: where are the discs the largest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: where is the concavity noted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar discs: what does having the concavity posteriorly means |
|
Definition
| more annulus is located posteriorly for reinforcing the pulposus during flexion |
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|
Term
| Lumbar articulations: type of jt |
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Definition
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Term
| Lumbar facet jts: capsule |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: composition of the dorsal capsule |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: dorsal capsule is fibrocartilage suggesting what |
|
Definition
| compressive and tensile resistance |
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|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: orientation |
|
Definition
| variable but typically bi-planar |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: anterior aspect orientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: posterior aspect orientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: variably in the orientation of the facets may yield what |
|
Definition
| increased risk of excess shear and early onset disc pathology |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar facet jts: facets entirely in the sagittal plane may not provide what type of resistance to what? |
|
Definition
| bony resistance to shearing |
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|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments: origin/insertion |
|
Definition
| tips and borders of the TP of L5 to the iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments: 3 primary bands |
|
Definition
anterior (ventral)
posterior (dorsal)
sacral (lumbosacral ligament) |
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments: major role |
|
Definition
stabilizing L5
resists anterior shift of the L5 vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments: resists what motions of L5 on S1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iliolumbar ligaments: when is it maximally loaded |
|
Definition
| when mm are off as is sitting slouched in a chair |
|
|
Term
| pt's presenting with central LBP and possible radiculopathy may have symptoms that present with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracolumbar fascia: Mcgill uses what term |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracolumbar fascia: refers to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thoracolumbar fascia: role |
|
Definition
| acts as a stabilizing corset with the fascia increasing spinal stiffness |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: the facets favor what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: why do the lumbar facets favor flex/ext |
|
Definition
| d/t orienation fo teh facets primarily in the sagittal plane |
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|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: where does the majority of flex/ext take place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: SB?Rot primarily in what segments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: where does the most SB/ROT occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar kinematics: coupled motion |
|
Definition
| SB and rotation are coupled but inconsistent |
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Term
| Lumbar articulation: rotation of teh superior vertebra to the right will be blocked by what |
|
Definition
| the inferior facets of the superior vertebra will be blocked by the superior facets of the inferior vertebra on the left |
|
|
Term
| Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: lumbar flexion is accompanied by what pelvic motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: return from flexion or extending the spine results in what pelvic motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: why does it exist? |
|
Definition
| believed that the moment arm of the external load is alterned to minimize internal stress |
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Term
| Lumbo-Pelvic rhythm: and McGill |
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Definition
| McGill reports that in all the studies he has done he has never isolated that pattern |
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Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: primary function |
|
Definition
resist compression force
external loads and muscle loads |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what allows for the vertebra to resist compression force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what takes the majority of teh compressiev load |
|
Definition
| interbody jts (body and disc) |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what takes the least load |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: what happens with DDD, HNP |
|
Definition
| facets take on more load, interbody jts take more load, facets become arthrtic |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: in stance what force do the lumbar segment experience |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: why do the lumbar segments experience anterior shear in stance (3) |
|
Definition
| d/t lordotic position, body weight, GRF |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: anterior shear of the lumbar vertebra in stance is resisted by what |
|
Definition
| impact of the inferior facets of teh superior vertebra on the superior facets of teh inferior vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: effectiveness of shear resistance depends on what (2) |
|
Definition
degree of frontal plane orientatino in the frontal plane (facing posterior)
increased frontal (posterior facing) orientation leads to greater orientation |
|
|
Term
| Lumbar vertebra kinetics: if there is a more sagittal orientatino what happens |
|
Definition
| facets do not laod but rather the soft tissue is strained and becomes a pain generator |
|
|
Term
| Sacrum: how many vertebra is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacrum: location and quantity of the articular facets |
|
Definition
| 2 at the superior segment |
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|
Term
| Sacrum: orientaiton of the facets |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Sacrum: facets articulate with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacrum: the apex (inferior aspect) from the 5th sacral vertebra articulates with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacrum: what are the lateral aspects called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacrum: what do the ala articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: type of jt (2) |
|
Definition
| weight bearing, compound jt |
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: anterior synovial jt is made up of what |
|
Definition
| auricular surfaces of the surface and ilium |
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: posterior syndesmosis of the jt is made up of what |
|
Definition
| tuberosity's of the sacrum and ilium |
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: anterior jt is what type of jt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: posterior jt is what type of jt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: apparent purpose (2) |
|
Definition
alleviate stress on the pelvic ring d/t movement of the trunk and lower limbs
help absorb twisting motion |
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: what is the articular surface of the sacrum covered by? How thick |
|
Definition
hyaline cartialge
1-3 mm thick |
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: what is the articular surface of the ilia covered with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral articulation: difference between the hyaline cartilage of the ilia vs the sacrum |
|
Definition
| ilia cartilage is a more dense aggregate of collagen than the sacral cartialge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| induces an inflammatory response which will deposite more collagen into the area to tighten up the SI ligaments supposedly |
|
|
Term
| SI ligaments: Anterior view (5) |
|
Definition
Ventral band of iliolumbar ligament
Sacral band of iliolumbar ligament
Anterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament |
|
|
Term
| SI ligaments: Posterior view (4) |
|
Definition
dorsal band of iliolumbar ligament
long posterior (dorsal) sacroiliac ligament
sacrospinous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament |
|
|
Term
| Pubic symphysis articulation: what is it |
|
Definition
| junction of the 2 ends of the pubic bones |
|
|
Term
| Pubic symphysis articulation: type of junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pubic symphysis articulation: 2 reasons why it is a common source for dysfunction |
|
Definition
mm aponeuroses cross this junction
tendonitis, synovitis, mechanical symptoms such as popping |
|
|
Term
| Pubic symphysis articulation: tx for dysfunction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: general take away |
|
Definition
| complex and controversial |
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: 2D measures of movement |
|
Definition
| fail to capture 3d motion |
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: 3d measures |
|
Definition
| use mathematical modeling, motion analysis, RSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
roentgen sterophotogrammetric analysis
measures small jt movement |
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: RSA assessed prone to sit, standing flexion, straddle positions and found what motions (2) |
|
Definition
rotation 2.5 degrees
.7 mm translation |
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: critical literature review reports limited to what |
|
Definition
| minute rotation and translation that is subclinical |
|
|
Term
| Sacral Kinematics: motion is minimal unless |
|
Definition
| pt/sacrum is hypermobilie |
|
|
Term
| Sacral/Pelvic motion: what is agonistic motion |
|
Definition
| if the innominate's move together |
|
|
Term
| Sacral/Pelvic motion: what is antagonistic motion |
|
Definition
| if the innominates move opposite each other |
|
|
Term
| Sacral/Pelvic motion: what type of chain motion is prsent at the articulation |
|
Definition
| closed chain d/t the pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| Sacral/Pelvic motion: all asymmetric motion at the SI jt produces motion where else |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
promonotry (top) moves anterior/inferior
sacral apex (bottom) moves posterior/superior |
|
|
Term
| what is sacral counternutation |
|
Definition
sacral promontory (top) moves posterior/superior
sacral apex (bottom) moves anterior/superior |
|
|
Term
| when does nutation occur in relation to the lumbarsacral junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior pelvic tilt results in what sacral motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior pelvic itlt results in what sacral motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| motion of the innominate and sacrum during anterior pelvic tilt |
|
Definition
symmetrical motion of the innominate, ASIS, and pubic symphysis move inferior
sacral counter nutation |
|
|
Term
| motion of the innominate and sacrum during posterior pelvic tilt |
|
Definition
symmetric motion of the innominat, ASIS, and pubic symphysis move superior
sacral nutation |
|
|
Term
| Motion of the sacrum with bilateral hip extension in prone (open chain) |
|
Definition
| counternutation (relative sacral motion to the ilium) |
|
|
Term
| Motion of the ilium with bilateral hip extension in prone (open chain) |
|
Definition
| anterior tilt on the sacrum (which makes the sacrum look like it moved into counternutation) |
|
|
Term
| Movement up the cahin with bilateral hip extension (OKC): at the L5 junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Movement up the cahin with bilateral hip extension (OKC): type of motion between sacrum and L5 |
|
Definition
| sacrum on L5 so bottom up motion |
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric motion: described as what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric motion: occurs in what tasks |
|
Definition
| ambulation, twist and lift, sports activities |
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric motion: describe innominate position through ambulation |
|
Definition
1 hip is flexed (torsioned posterior)
1 hip is extended (torsioned anterior) |
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric motion: is pelvic torsion good or bad? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Asymmetric motion: when is pelvic torsion bad |
|
Definition
| when the torsion does not return to normal and the sacrum becomes torsioned |
|
|
Term
| Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: body weight causes what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: GRF causes what pelvic tilt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sacral kinetics: in normal erect posture: sacral nutation and posterior tilt are "counter" motions that are supported by what |
|
Definition
ligamentous tension
mm fibrous attachments |
|
|
Term
| Sacral kinetics: in unilateral stance why does shear force exist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mm group which should not be overstretched |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the erector spinae are a key dynamic restraint to what force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypertonicity of the erector spinae may be the result of what |
|
Definition
| overworking in an unstable scenario |
|
|
Term
| why could the erector spinae be overloaded |
|
Definition
| d/t static restraint failure/overload |
|
|
Term
| ideal approach to recovering the erector spinae |
|
Definition
| rest and reeducate/stamina train the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wide and varied anatomical description
mentioned early as abdominal hoop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transversus abdominis
iliopsoas |
|
|
Term
| transversus abdomninis roles (2) |
|
Definition
mechanically controls the SI jt through compression when contracted
contraction decreases SI laxity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does iliopsoas elicit stability |
|
Definition
| through connecction of T12-L4 elicits stability to the spine with thigh flexion |
|
|
Term
| Ther Ex for LBP: general principle |
|
Definition
| train the mm with the lowest load elicited to the spine |
|
|
Term
| Spondylolisthesis: common presentation (3) |
|
Definition
traumatic
idiopathic
usually teens |
|
|
Term
| Spondylolisthesis: what is it |
|
Definition
| bilateral parts articularis fx allowing the superior vertebra to shift anterior on the inferior vertebra |
|
|
Term
| Spondylolisthesis: how is it graded |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spondylolisthesis: tx for low grades |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spondylolisthesis: tx for higher grades |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
disc degeneration
prolapse
extrusion
sequestration |
|
|
Term
| HNP levels: disc degeneraiton symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HNP levels: prolapse symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HNP levels: extrusion symptoms |
|
Definition
LBP
Leg pain
Hard neuro findings |
|
|
Term
| HNP levels: seuqestraition symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stabilize the segments and eliminate excess movement and nn impingement |
|
|
Term
| HNP surgery: what influences postoperative outcomes signficantly |
|
Definition
| level and number of lumbar disc replacements needed |
|
|
Term
| HNP surgery: satisfactory outcomes was achieved for monosegmental disc replacement procedures at what levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HNP surgery: Best results achieved following TRD at what level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HNP surgery: problems with bisegmental TDR |
|
Definition
| complication rates are significantly highe rand inferior postoperative results are to be expected |
|
|
Term
| HNP surgery: incidence of postoperative pain originating from facet and or ilio/sacral jt |
|
Definition
| currently underestimated and will require further investigation |
|
|
