Term
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Definition
| Extends from foramen magnum to approx. L1-L2 in adults |
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Term
| Dorsal root carries what information and where |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral root carries what kind of information and where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cell bodies and connecting fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Ascending and Descending tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| Corresponds to the origin of spinal nerves that innervate the upper limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Corresponds to the origin of spinal nerves that innervate the lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer of spinal cord; very strong; runs form skull to S2, blending with filum terminale where it anchors to coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| Immediately inside dura mater; ends at S2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin and tightly anchored to outside of spinal cord; no space between pia and cord, has blood vessels to supply cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate the intrinsic back muscles...not Lats |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate most other skeletal muscles, also compromises the plexuses |
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Term
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Definition
| Origin: Spinous Processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest, all lumbar vertebra, sacral vertebra |
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi Insertion |
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Definition
| Floor of bicipital groove of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Extension, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus
-can assist with back extension
-in closed chain it depresses shoulder complex |
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Term
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Definition
-Iliocostalis
-Longissimus
-Spinalis
"I Love Spaghetti" |
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Term
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Definition
-Most medial column of muscles
-Smallest of the subdivisions
Actions: (B) Trunk extension
Weak ipsilateral trunk side bend
Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Thoracic spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
-Largest of Erector Spinae
-Intermediate Column
3 regionally specific muscles:
-Longissimus thoracis
-Longissimus cervicis
-Longissimus capitis |
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Term
| Longissimus Thoracis Actions |
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Definition
-(B) Trunk extension
-Ipsilateral Side bend |
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Term
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Definition
Most lateral
Subdivided into:
-Iliocostalis lumborum
-Ilicostalis thoracis
-Ilicostalis cervicis |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: TPs of lumbar through lower cervical vertebrae, sacrum, PSIS, dorsal SI ligaments
Insertion: SP of the more superiorly located vertebra
Actions: trunk extension, ipsilateral SB, contralateral rotation, stabilization of SI joints and lumbar joints |
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Term
| Anterolateral abdominal wall musculature |
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Definition
Compress abdominal contents to maintain or increase intrabdominal pressure by opposing diaphragm to:
-aid in quiet and forced expiration, child birth, urination, expulsion of feces
-Maintain posture
-Stabilize L-spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis and pubic ligaments
Insertion: Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
Actions: (B) flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera, posterior pelvic tilt
Ventral rami |
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Term
| External Abdominal Oblique |
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Definition
-Most superficial
-Origin: lower 8 ribs on exterior and inferior surfaces
-Insertion: anterior 1/2 iliac crest, ASIS, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
-Actions: (B) flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera and post pelvic tilt, unilateral SB trunk, contralateral rotation trunk
Ventral rami T7-12 |
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Term
| Internal Abdominal Oblique |
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Definition
-Fibers run medial to lateral
-Origin: lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
-Insertion: lower 3-4 ribs and costal cartilage, aponeurosis to midlinea alba and pubic crest
Actions: (B) flexes trunk, compresses abdominal viscera, post pelvic tilt, ipsilateral SB and rotation of trunk
Ventral rami T7-T12 |
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Term
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Definition
-Deepest muscle-fibers pass horizontally to end in an aponeurosis at linea alba
-Origin: lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia b/w 12th rib and iliac crest, lower 6 costal cartilage
-Insertion: aponeurosis to linea alba and pubic crest
Actions: compression of ab viscera, lumbar stabilization |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: posteriomedial iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: 12th rib along medial 1/2 of lower border, TPs of T12-L4
Actions: stabilizes 12th rib and lumbar spine, ipsilateral SB, (B) extension, hikes hip
Ventral Rami T12 - L3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Exaggerated posterior covexity in the thoracic region ---often seen with aging |
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Term
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Definition
| Accentuation of the normal cervical or lumbar curvature (exaggeration of the posterior concavity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Decrease in the normal curvature of that particular spinal region |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral curvature of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides weight bearing strength to sustain compressive loads |
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Term
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Definition
-Prevent shearing loads
-Prevent vertical beams from bowing |
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Term
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Definition
| S1 is detached from sacral body and acts as an individual vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lumbar Vertebral Segment Components |
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Definition
-Intervertebral joint
-Intervertebral discs
-(R) and (L) facet joint
-Corresponding spinal nerve
bottom half of upper vertebrae and upper half of lower vertebrae (L4/L5) |
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Term
| Intervertebral Disc layers |
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Definition
1) Neurovascular capsule
2) Outer annulus
3) Inner annulus
4) Nucleus pulposus
5) Fibrocartilaginous endplate |
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Term
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Definition
-Composed 10-20 layers of rings
-Fxn to protect and isolate the nucleus
-Attaches strongly to outside of vertebral bodies, fibrocartilaginous endplates, ALL & PLL
-High capacity for weight bearing |
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Term
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Definition
Weak: posterolateral portion of annulus
-High amount of mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings, esp toward periphery |
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Term
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Definition
-Gel like -- made 70-90% of H2O
-Hydrophilic -- due to loading throughout day, fluid continuously moves in and out of disc
-Compressed in standing, expands while lying down |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer of disc where nervous structures are located as well as minimal blood supply |
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Term
| Fibrocartilaginous Endplate |
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Definition
| Covers most superior and inferior portion of disc securing it to vertebral bodies in nature allowing diffusion of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
-Vertically applied compression to IVD is distributed equally in all directions
IVD is great shock absorber fxning hydrostatically -- this is why dehydration and surgical excision decreases ability of IVD to withstand such stresses |
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Term
| Bending: Mechanical properties of IVD |
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Definition
Nucleus pulposus deforms in the direction OPPOSITE the movement
Example: during lumbar extension the disc NP will deform anteriorly and during flexion it will deform posteriorly |
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Term
| Classification of IV joints |
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Definition
-Synarthroses
-Cartilaginous
-Symphysis
include IVD and endplates |
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Term
| Facet Joint lassifications |
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Definition
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Term
| Lumbar facet joint orientation |
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Definition
Superior facets from inferior vertebra face medially
Inferior facets from superior vertebra face lateral
Flex/Ext limits rotation and SB |
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Term
| Anterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
Runs entire length of spine
Strong attachment to anterior vertebral bodies and IVD
Limits spinal extension or backward bending- constant thickness |
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Term
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
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Definition
Runs C2-L5
Attaches to posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
Extension occurs out to lateral aspect of disc
Narrows the further you go towards lumbar spine
Limits flexion/forward bending |
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Term
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Definition
Runs from lamina to lamina
Made out of elastin
Limits flexion
Aging process causes this ligament to lsoe elastic properties and bulge into canal causing stenosis |
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Term
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Definition
Runs from C7-L3 tip of SP to tip of SP
Most superficial ligament
Limits flexion |
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Term
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Definition
In between SP to SP
Limits flexion
Runs entire length of spine |
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Term
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Definition
TP to TP entire spine
Limits flexion and contralateral SB
Most developed in T-spine |
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Term
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Definition
L4-5 TPs to iliac crest
Limits contralateral SB, lateral shift |
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Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia: purpose |
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Definition
Fascia that covers surrounding deep muscles of the back and trunk
Critical in the overall organization and structural integrity of the region |
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Term
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Definition
Covers the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum muscle
Medial to TPs of lumbar vertebrae
Superiorly forms lateral arcuate ligament for attachment of diaphragm
Inferiorly attaches to iliac crest |
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Term
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Definition
Separates the posteromedial aspect of Quad Lumborum muscle from the anterior aspect of erector spinae mm
Attaches medially to tips of TPs of LV and intertransverse ligaments
Superiorly to lower border of 12th rib
Inferiorly to iliac crest |
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Term
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Definition
Attached to spinous processes of LV and median sacral crest and associated supraspinous ligaments
Extends laterally to cover the posterior aspect of erector spinae mm
Joins the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia at the lateral margin of the erector spinae
All three layers combined with quad lumborum = aponeurotic origin |
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