Term
| Understanding people’s personalities is important because personality affects behavior as well as perceptions and attitudes. |
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Definition
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| Personality is developed solely based on genetics. |
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Definition
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| The Big Five Model of Personality categorizes traits into the dimensions of insurgency, adjustment, disagreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. |
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| The adjustment personality dimension includes traits related to emotional stability. |
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| Personality profiles are used to categorize people as a means of predicting job success. |
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| High energy is best categorized as the conscientiousness dimension of the Big Five. |
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| Intelligence refers to cognitive ability to think critically, to solve problems, and to make decisions. |
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| Emotional intelligence is a personality dimension related to surgency. |
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| The four components of emotional intelligence are self-awareness, self-efficacy, social awareness, and self-management. |
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| Self-awareness relates to being conscious of your emotions and how they affect your personal and professional life. |
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Term
| Dominance is one of the two major traits of the surgency Big Five. |
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| Achievement Motivation Theory attempts to explain and predict behavior and performance based on one’s need for power, affiliation, and recognition. |
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| David McClelland said that needs are based on personality and are developed as we interact with the environment. |
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Term
| People with strong n Ach tend to have an external locus of control, self-confidence, and high energy traits. |
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Definition
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| People with strong n Pow tend to be self-confident with high energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| People with a high n Aff also tend to have a high n Pow. |
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Definition
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| The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) includes a high need for achievement, a moderate need for affiliation, and a moderate need for power, which is socialized. |
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| Without power, there is no leadership. |
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Definition
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| McClelland identified power as either good or bad. |
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| Effective leaders use personalized power. |
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Definition
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| Effective leaders have a higher need for affiliation than power. |
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| Attitudes help to explain and predict job performance. |
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| People with Theory X attitudes hold that employees like to work and do not need to be closely supervised in order to do their work. |
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| Managers with Theory X attitudes tend to display more coercive, autocratic leadership styles using internal motivation and rewards. |
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Term
| The Pygmalion effect proposes that leaders’ attitudes and expectations of followers, and their treatment of them, explain and predict followers’ behavior and performance. |
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| Self-efficacy is the belief in your own capability to perform in a specific situation. |
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| You can be an effective leader, or follower, even if you don’t have a positive self-concept. |
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| A good way to develop a positive self-concept is by observing and copying others’ attitudes. |
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| An effective leader tends to have Theory X attitudes with a positive self-concept. |
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| Ethics are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ensures that those who act unethically will be prosecuted. |
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Definition
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| Our ethical behavior is related to our individual needs and personality traits. |
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Definition
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Term
| People with an external locus of control, rather than an internal locus of control, are more likely to use unethical behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Moral development refers to understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing. |
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Definition
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| At the preconventional level of moral development, living up to expectations of acceptable behavior defined by others motivates behavior to fulfill duties and obligations. |
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Definition
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| The common leadership style at the preconventional level of moral development is autocratic toward others. |
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Definition
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| At the conventional level of moral development, self-interest motivates behavior. |
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Definition
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| The common leadership style at the conventional level of moral development tends to be visionary. |
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| At the postconventional level of moral development, it is common for lower-level managers to use a leadership style similar to those of higher-level managers. |
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Term
| When people use unethical behavior, it is often due to some type of character flaw. |
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Definition
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Term
| “I was only following orders; my boss told me to inflate the figures” is an example of displacement of responsibility. |
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Definition
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Term
| Distortion of consequences is the process of using “cosmetic” words to make the behavior sound acceptable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Under the stakeholder approach to ethics, one creates a win-win situation for relevant parties affected by the decision. |
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Definition
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Term
| To determine if your decision is ethical, you can ask yourself, “Are all stakeholders happy?” |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethical leadership requires the ability to do the right thing at the risk of rejection and loss. |
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Term
Which of the following statements regarding personality is NOT true?
a. Personality is developed based on genetics and environmental factors.
b. Personality is distinguishing personal characteristics.
c. Personality affects behavior as well as perceptions and attitudes.
d. Personality predicts behavior and job performance. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality dimension? a. surgency
b. agreeableness c. adjustment
d. attractiveness |
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Definition
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Term
The __________ personality dimension includes traits related to emotional stability. a. agreeableness
b. conscientiousness
c. surgency
d. adjustment |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a trait of high conscientiousness? a. organization
b. extraversion
c. conformity
d. credibility |
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The manager of an engineering consulting firm is extraverted and gets along well with others. In addition, she has managed multiple projects at a time, often under stressful circumstances, but she has still maintained her equanimity, and seen projects through to completion “with a firm hand.” This manager is displaying:
a. surgency, agreeableness, and adjustment.
b. conscientiousness and surgency.
c. openness to experience and surgency.
d. none of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Of the Big Five personality dimensions, the highest correlation with leadership is:
a. conscientiousness.
b. openness to experience.
c. surgency.
d. adjustment. |
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Definition
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Term
Research has found that managers who had derailed tend to have:
a. worked too hard, then burned out.
b. displayed a lack of trust in their subordinates.
c. relied on only one contemporary leadership theory.
d. been overly ambitious. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a major reason for executive derailment?
a. They used a bullying style viewed as intimidating, insensitive, and abrasive.
b. They were viewed as being cold, aloof, and arrogant.
c. They betrayed personal trust.
d. They undermanaged. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a trait of an effective leader? a. dominance
b. high energy
c. intelligence
d. talent |
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Definition
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Term
Self-confidence is best categorized as the __________ Big Five dimension.
a. adjustment b. agreeableness c. surgency d. conscientiousness |
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Definition
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Term
| Intelligence refers to: a. critical thinking. b. decision making. c. problem solving. d. all of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements regarding emotional intelligence (EI) is TRUE?
a. EI is the ability to work well with people.
b. An offshoot of EI is IQ (intelligence quotient).
c. IQ outweighs EI when it comes to personal achievement.
d. There are five components of EI. |
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Definition
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Term
Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. self-awareness.
b. social awareness.
c. self-management.
d. self-concept. |
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Definition
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Term
__________ is dependent on the other three EI approaches.
a. Social awareness
b. Self-awareness
c. Relationship awareness
d. Self-management |
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Definition
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Term
Emotional intelligence is related to which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?
a. surgency
b. openness to experience
c. adjustment
d. conscientiousness |
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Definition
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Term
Dominance is so important for managers to have because:
a. you’ve got to want to be a leader.
b. the dominance traits affects all the other traits related to effective leaders.
c. successful leaders want to take charge.
d. all of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a belief of David McClelland?
a. Needs are based on personality.
b. All people possess the need for achievement, power, and affiliation, but to varying
degrees.
c. Our needs are motivated by our behavior.
d. Needs are developed as we interact with the environment. |
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Definition
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Term
People with strong n Ach tend to have all of the following EXCEPT:
a. self-confidence.
b. external locus of control.
c. high energy traits.
d. a high concern for excellence in accomplishments through individual efforts. |
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Definition
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Term
High n Pow is categorized as the Big Five dimension of __________.
a. surgency
b. agreeableness
c. conscientiousness
d. openness to experience |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following professions would be a likely choice for a person with high n Aff?
a. accountant
b. teacher
c. police officer
d. computer programmer |
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Definition
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Term
The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) includes a:
a. high need for achievement.
b. moderate need for power.
c. low need for achievement.
d. high need for power. |
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Definition
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Term
The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) defines which motive as the highest need for leaders?
a. achievement
b. power
c. affiliation
d. enjoyment |
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Definition
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Term
__________ are positive or negative feelings about people, things, and issues.
a. Attitudes
b. Norms
c. Beliefs
d. Traits |
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Definition
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Term
“If you want something done right, do it yourself” is an example of __________ attitudes. a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. Theory Z
d. XYZ Profile |
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Definition
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Term
“If the manager is not around, employees will work just as hard” is an example of __________ attitudes.
a. Theory Y
b. Theory X
c. Theory Z
d. XYZ Profile |
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Definition
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Term
Managers with Theory X attitudes tend to:
a. display more participative leadership styles.
b. use internal motivation and rewards.
c. use external means of controls.
d. have a positive, optimistic view of employees. |
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Definition
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Term
A manager from a prestigious university believed that employees who were from “lesser schools” lacked sufficient intelligence and motivation for the high-tech firm that she led. She set goals for these employees low, and did not trust them with certain important tasks or company information. The employees, in fact, tended to show dissatisfaction and low performance. At length, many of them quit. This would be an example of:
a. Theory Y .
b. the Pygmalion effect.
c. negative self-concept.
d. none of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
__________ refers to the positive or negative attitudes people have about themselves. a. Self-concept
b. Self-confidence
c. Self-efficacy
d. Self-focus |
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Definition
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Term
__________ is the belief in one’s capability to perform in a specific situation. a. Self-concept
b. Self-confidence
c. Self-efficacy
d. Self-focus |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines to developing a more positive attitude and self-concept?
a. be a positive role model
b. accept compliments
c. set and achieve goals
d. think about yourself |
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Definition
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Term
If the leader typically is afraid to make decisions, is unassertive, and is self-blaming when things go wrong, the leader is displaying a:
a. Theory Y positive self-concept.
b. Theory Y negative self-concept.
c. Theory X positive self-concept.
d. Theory X negative self-concept. |
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Definition
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Term
If the leader typically is bossy, pushy, and impatient; does much criticizing with little praising; and is very autocratic, the leader is displaying a:
a. Theory Y positive self-concept.
b. Theory Y negative self-concept.
c. Theory X positive self-concept.
d. Theory X negative self-concept. |
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Definition
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Term
Ethics is defined as:
a. the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior.
b. creating a win-win situation for all stakeholders.
c. adhering to legal limits.
d. what top management thinks is right. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following acts helps protect whistleblowers?
a. Whistleblower Protection Act
b. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
c. Ethical Informant Act
d. Andersen-Arthur Act |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following affect ethical behavior EXCEPT:
a. personality traits.
b. attitudes.
c. leader–follower relations.
d. the situation. |
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Definition
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Term
Unethical behavior is more likely to occur in people who:
a. are open to new experiences.
b. are emotionally unstable.
c. have external locus of control.
d. all of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
__________ refers to understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing.
a. Personality
b. Moral development
c. Ethics
d. Moral justification |
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Definition
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Term
The three levels of moral development are:
a. preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.
b. pre-ethical, ethical, and postethical.
c. bad choice, neutral, and good choice.
d. undeveloped, developed, and well developed. |
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Definition
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Term
At the preconventional level of moral development, which of the following motivate(s) behavior?
a. living up to expectations of acceptable behavior defined by others
b. universal principles of right and wrong
c. self-interest
d. personality |
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Definition
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Term
At the conventional level of moral development, which of the following motivate(s) behavior?
a. living up to expectations of acceptable behavior defined by others
b. universal principles of right and wrong
c. self-interest
d. personality |
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Definition
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Term
Lower-level managers at the conventional level of moral development tend to:
a. be autocratic toward others.
b. use a leadership style similar to those of higher-level managers.
c. be visionary.
d. be committed to serving others. |
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Definition
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Term
Leaders at the postconventional level of moral development tend to:
a. use moral justification.
b. be autocratic toward others.
c. be visionary.
d. use their position for personal advantage. |
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Definition
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Term
When we use unethical behavior, we often justify the behavior to protect our __________ so that we don’t have a guilty conscience or feel remorse.
a. personality
b. ego
c. self-concept d. job |
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Definition
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Term
The process of reinterpreting immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose is known as:
a. behavior modification.
b. agreeableness.
c. postbehavior justification.
d. moral justification. |
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Definition
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Term
The process of blaming one’s unethical behavior on others is known as:
a. distortion of consequences.
b. displacement of responsibility.
c. attribution of blame.
d. diffusion of responsibility. |
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Definition
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Term
“We all take office supplies home” is an example of:
a. euphemistic labeling.
b. attribution of blame.
c. displacement of responsibility.
d. diffusion of responsibility. |
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Definition
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Term
The four-way test:
a. is a means of identifying potential whistleblowers within an organizational setting.
b. is a generic means of assessing whether a business transaction is ethical.
c. relies on Theory Y attitudes.
d. none of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the questions of the four-way test?
a. Will it be beneficial to all concerned?
b. Is it ethical?
c. Is it the truth?
d. Is it fair to all concerned? |
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Definition
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Term
Creating a win-win situation for all relevant parties so that everyone benefits from the decision is known as:
a. ethics.
b. the golden rule.
c. a compromise.
d. the stakeholder approach to ethics. |
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Definition
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Term
Using the stakeholder approach to ethics, you proudly set low prices but as a result you harm __________.
a. employees b. customers c. society
d. competitors |
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Definition
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Term
To determine if your decision is ethical from a stakeholder approach, which of the following questions should be asked?
a. “Am I proud to tell relevant stakeholders my decision?”
b. “Am I proud to tell my manager about my decision?”
c. “Is it in my best interest?”
d. “What difference does it make anyway?” |
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Definition
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Term
The ability to do the right thing at the risk of rejection and loss is considered:
a. surgency.
b. achievement.
c. courage.
d. none of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT a way to find courage?
a. focus on a higher purpose
b. draw strengths from others
c. use your frustration and anger for good
d. set and achieve goals |
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Definition
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