Term
| Tell me about Toxoplasma gondii |
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Definition
Parasite Host - Cat Alt. Host - Human Infects Macrophages T cells puts it into remission Parasite can cross placenta --> Blindness |
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Term
| Tell me about Giardia lamblia |
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Definition
Source - humans or dogs feces parasite Ingest Cysts Infect the lining of small intestins (may or may not cause intestinal problems) Most people become asymptomatic carriers Treat with Flagyl |
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Term
| Tell me about Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) |
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Definition
Human Reservoir parasite Ingest eggs by sctatching butt rash then suck fingers Hatch - move to colon Adult females crawl out of anus at night and lay eggs in perianal region Only symptom - Perianal rash |
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Term
What are the 4 fungi roles |
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Definition
Saprophytes - Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organic matter Symbiotic Mycorrhizae - weak pathogenic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant Plant Pathogens Human Pathogens
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Term
| Tell me about Saprophytes |
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Definition
Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organic matter |
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Term
Tell me about Mycorrhizal associations |
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Definition
A weakly pathogenic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant Plant provides fungus with Carbohydrates (sugars) Fungi provides plants with increased absorption providing nutrients that may be limited in the soil |
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Term
Tell me about Dermatophytes |
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Definition
Pathogenic Superficial problems (athletes foot)
Grows on dead layers of hair, skin & nails No growth in living tissue b/c can't compete for Fe Tinea________ -- site on the body Peptides may cause immune response at living tissue |
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Term
| What are the two basic forms of growth |
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Definition
Yeast - budding asexual Mold - filamentus Some are dimorphic; typically they are pathogenic |
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Term
What are 2 or more characteristics of fungi |
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Definition
Eukaryotic Heterotrophic No Chloroplast Have a cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
Infecton of the smoth skin Often 1 nail Treat with pills based on weight athletes foot Treat with topical antifungal |
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Term
| What are Zoophilic Dermatophytes |
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Definition
Dermatophytes are mainly found in animals but can be transmitted to humans Stir up strong inflamitory response on a human Better response to therapy Source from a horse pig, chicken, dog, cat |
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Term
| What are Anthropohilic Dermatophytes |
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Definition
Dermatophytes are mainly found in humans and are very seldom transmitted to animals Tend to be chronic and less inflammatory Less responsive to therapy Goes un-observed Passed by direct contact |
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Term
| Tell me about Canada Albicans |
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Definition
Opportunistic Pathogen Yeast that is part of the normal flora Can overgrow in certain settings known as "Thrush" Situations that change the normal flora -Broad Spectrum antibiotics -Immune compromise (AIDS) -Pregnancy Diagnose with Germ tube test (specific for Canada) |
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Term
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Definition
Ringworm of the scalp Most likley to happen in Prepuberty humans Smells like mouse piss |
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Term
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Definition
| Molds in nature, convert to yeast in tissue (Dimorphic) |
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Term
Tell me about Histoplasma |
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Definition
Systemic organism Dimorphic Midwest United States Grows as mold at urea enriched soil Infected bats as vectors Uses urea as energy source Inhale spores --> convert to yeast in macrophages get it control it immune forever |
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Term
| Tell me about Coccidioides |
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Definition
Found in South West desert soil Systemic organism Dimorphic grows as a filamentous mold in arid soil not much compotition Endosprulating Spherules in tissue Get it while you are a kid control it clear it |
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Term
Tell me about Blastomyces |
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Definition
East & Midwest U.S. Don't know where is in nature Shows up in dogs & people Systemic organism
Dimorphic Unique Char. BBBY(Broad Base Budding Yeast) Most infections self resolve Chronic infections have superficial skin lesions and internal lesions |
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Term
Who developed Compound 606 (Salvarsan); and what what was it used for |
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Definition
Ehrlick in 1900 Arsenic based compound for syphilis |
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Term
| What did the german chemist develop; and what was the problem with it |
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Definition
| Sulfa drugs from dyes; resistance problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed penicillin but thought it would not amount to anything |
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Term
| What are the sources for penicillin |
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Definition
Molds Actinomycetes (Filamentus bacteria) |
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Term
| Where does commericial penicillin come from |
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Definition
1940's Mutated straind of Penicillium. |
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Term
| What is a problem with pharmaceutical drugs |
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Definition
Rate of discovey slowed High cost Resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
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Term
What is the process to purify water to drink, and the most probable number |
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Definition
Flocculate - remove organic material Sand filter - remove parasites Chlorinate - kill bacteria Then pump to end user MPN is always 0 |
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Term
| Describe sewage treatment |
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Definition
Grinding Trichle bed filter (aerobic) "more efficient" Sludge digestier (anaerobic) Liquids chlorinaded and released back to water supply |
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Term
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) causes what infecton |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 systemic fungi we studied |
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Definition
Histoplasma Blastomyces Coccidioides |
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Term
| What is heterophile antibody |
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Definition
a rapid test for antibodies produced against the Epstein Barr Virus |
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Term
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Definition
Somethingthat is specific for a human disease Diagnostic for a particular disease |
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Term
What are some Pathognomonic organisms we covered |
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Definition
Canada albicans - Germ Tube Test Blastomyces - Broad Base Budding Yeast |
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Term
| What primary barriers protect the gastrointestinal tract |
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Definition
Normal Flora Stomach acid Peristaltic movement |
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Term
| Tell me about the impact of Pasteur on the field of microbiology |
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Definition
| Disproved Spontainious generation |
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Term
List a disinfectant that can reasonably be used on the following sites(or items) -Biopsy tissue -Poopy diaper -Stuffed toy |
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Definition
Fomaldehyde bleach Ethylene Gas |
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Term
| Who made the first microscopes; |
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Definition
Leeuwenhoek Pasteur later disproved spontainious generation |
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Term
| How could you classify viruses (Use taxonomic systems to identify and group them) |
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Definition
Single or double stranded What they infect |
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Term
| When we read the tables to interpret out Kirby-Bauer plates, what clinical assumption do we make |
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Definition
| Bigger the zone the greater the resistance |
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Term
| What kinds of cells have cell walls |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that prompts the generation of antibodies and can cause an immune response |
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Term
| What triggers active AIDS disease to occure in someone who is HIV + |
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Definition
A drop in T cells drop Then viral damage Oppertunistic infections |
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Term
| MHC's are very polyalelic; why is this generally a good for doing their job |
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Definition
| They can better scan for antigens |
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Term
| When is filter sterilization preferred over other methods |
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Definition
| It is used on heat sensitive media |
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Term
| If dermatophytic fungi do not invade living tissue, why is it that they can trigger an immune response |
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Definition
| Peptides may cause an immune responce at living tissue |
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Term
| In an adult what is it that controls the Toxoplasma infection |
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Definition
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Term
What parasites that we have talked about use the human as their alternate host |
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Definition
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Term
| Tell me about Mononucleosis |
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Definition
Epstein Barr Virus Lysogeny Asympomatic in kids Transmitted Kissing Symptoms - Large spleen - extreem fatigue |
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